SARS‐CoV‐2, the causing agent of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, is a beta‐coronavirus which has 80% genetic homology with SARS‐CoV, but displays increased virulence and transmissibility. Initially, SARS‐CoV‐2 was considered a respiratory virus generally causing a mild disease, only severe and fatal in the elderly and individuals with underlying conditions. Severe illnesses and fatalities were attributed to a cytokine storm, an excessive response from the host immune system. However, with the number of infections over 10 millions and still soaring, the insidious and stealthy nature of the virus has emerged, as it causes a vast array of diverse unexpected symptoms among infected individuals, including the young and healthy. It has become evident that besides infecting the respiratory tract, SARS‐CoV‐2 can affect many organs, possibly through the infection of the endothelium. This review presents an overview of our learning curve with the novel virus emergence, transmission, pathology, biological properties and host‐interactions. It also briefly describes remedial measures taken until an effective vaccine is available, that is non‐pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the viral spread and the repurposing of existing drugs, approved or in development for other conditions to eliminate the virus or mitigate the cytokine storm.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2 与人类宿主的多方面相互作用。第一部分：迄今为止我们所学到的和所做的，以及仍然未知的现实

SARS-CoV-2 是正在进行的 COVID-19 大流行的病原体，它是一种 β 冠状病毒，与 SARS-CoV 具有 80% 的遗传同源性，但其毒力和传播能力增强。最初，SARS-CoV-2 被认为是一种呼吸道病毒，通常会引起轻微的疾病，只会在老年人和有基础疾病的个体中引起严重和致命的疾病。严重的疾病和死亡归因于细胞因子风暴，这是宿主免疫系统的过度反应。然而，随着感染人数超过 1000 万且仍在飙升，该病毒的阴险和隐蔽性已经显现，因为它会在受感染的个体中引起各种各样的意外症状，包括年轻和健康的人。很明显，除了感染呼吸道外，SARS-CoV-2 还可以影响许多器官，可能是通过内皮感染。本综述概述了我们在新病毒出现、传播、病理学、生物学特性和宿主相互作用方面的学习曲线。它还简要描述了在有效疫苗可用之前采取的补救措施，即减少病毒传播的非药物干预和重新利用现有药物的用途，这些药物已批准或正在开发用于其他条件以消除病毒或减轻细胞因子风暴。