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A stacked approach for chained equations multiple imputation incorporating the substantive model
Biometrics ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-13 , DOI: 10.1111/biom.13372
Lauren J Beesley 1 , Jeremy M G Taylor 1
Affiliation  

Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) has emerged as a popular approach for handling missing data. A central challenge for applying MICE is determining how to incorporate outcome information into covariate imputation models, particularly for complicated outcomes. Often, we have a particular analysis model in mind, and we would like to ensure congeniality between the imputation and analysis models. We propose a novel strategy for directly incorporating the analysis model into the handling of missing data. In our proposed approach, multiple imputations of missing covariates are obtained without using outcome information. We then utilize the strategy of imputation stacking, where multiple imputations are stacked on top of each other to create a large data set. The analysis model is then incorporated through weights. Instead of applying Rubin's combining rules, we obtain parameter estimates by fitting a weighted version of the analysis model on the stacked data set. We propose a novel estimator for obtaining standard errors for this stacked and weighted analysis. Our estimator is based on the observed data information principle in Louis' work and can be applied for analyzing stacked multiple imputations more generally. Our approach for analyzing stacked multiple imputations is the first method that can be easily applied (using R package StackImpute) for a wide variety of standard analysis models and missing data settings.

中文翻译:

结合实体模型的链式方程多重插补的堆叠方法

链式方程多重插补 (MICE) 已成为处理缺失数据的流行方法。应用 MICE 的一个核心挑战是确定如何将结果信息纳入协变量插补模型,特别是对于复杂的结果。通常,我们有一个特定的分析模型,我们希望确保插补模型和分析模型之间的一致性。我们提出了一种将分析模型直接整合到缺失数据处理中的新策略。在我们提出的方法中,缺失协变量的多重插补是在不使用结果信息的情况下获得的。然后,我们利用插补堆叠的策略,其中多个插补堆叠在彼此之上以创建一个大型数据集。然后通过权重合并分析模型。我们没有应用鲁宾的组合规则,而是通过在堆叠数据集上拟合分析模型的加权版本来获得参数估计。我们提出了一种新的估计器来获得这种堆叠和加权分析的标准误差。我们的估计器基于 Louis 工作中观察到的数据信息原理,可用于更普遍地分析堆叠多重插补。我们分析堆叠多重插补的方法是第一种可以轻松应用于各种标准分析模型和缺失数据设置的方法(使用 R 包 StackImpute)。我们的估计器基于 Louis 工作中观察到的数据信息原理,可用于更普遍地分析堆叠多重插补。我们分析堆叠多重插补的方法是第一种可以轻松应用于各种标准分析模型和缺失数据设置的方法(使用 R 包 StackImpute)。我们的估计器基于 Louis 工作中观察到的数据信息原理,可用于更普遍地分析堆叠多重插补。我们分析堆叠多重插补的方法是第一种可以轻松应用于各种标准分析模型和缺失数据设置的方法(使用 R 包 StackImpute)。
更新日期:2020-09-13
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