In the adipose tissue (AT), an increase in the M1 macrophage (M1Ø)/M2 macrophage (M2Ø) polarization ratio can be a risk factor enhancing the inflammatory response during aging, as well as increasing the risk of chronic disease, thereby reducing lifespan, or at least reducing “healthy” lifespan. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the AT M1Ø/M2Ø polarization ratio at the final lifespan stage in aged and control animals performing lifelong spontaneous wheel running. Based on flow cytometric analysis, the AT ratio of macrophages revealed M2Ø polarization following lifelong spontaneous exercise (LSE) regardless of age. However, for Icam1 and Tnf, the qPCR analysis showed no difference in gene expressions in young mice; Arg1 expression was higher in Young-EXE (exercising) than in Young-CON (control) mice (p < .0001). In Old-EXE, Icam1 (p < .0001) and Tnf (p < .0001) expression were lower than in Old-CON; for Arg1, gene expression in Old-EXE was higher than in Old-CON (p < .0001). LSE prevents deterioration of physical fitness owing to aging, maintaining high M2Ø polarization levels in the AT. Additionally, LSE does not downregulate Icam1 and Tnf in the AT but appears to suppress the increased M1Ø polarization ratio attributed to aging by upregulating Arg1.

在脂肪组织（AT）中，M1巨噬细胞（M1Ø）/ M2巨噬细胞（M2Ø）极化比的增加可能是增强衰老过程中炎症反应的危险因素，并且增加了慢性疾病的风险，从而降低了寿命，或至少减少“健康”的寿命。本研究的目的是分析和比较进行终生自发轮转运行的老年和对照组动物在最终寿命阶段的ATM1Ø/M2Ø极化比。根据流式细胞仪分析，无论年龄大小，终生自发运动（LSE）后巨噬细胞的AT比值显示M2Ø极化。然而，对于Icam1和Tnf，qPCR分析显示，幼鼠的基因表达没有差异。精氨酸1在Young-EXE（运动）小鼠中，其表达高于在Young-CON（对照）小鼠中（p  <.0001）。在Old-EXE中，Icam1（p  <.0001）和Tnf（p  <.0001）表达低于Old-CON。对于Arg1，Old-EXE中的基因表达高于Old-CON（p  <.0001）。LSE可以防止由于老化而导致的身体健康状况恶化，并保持AT中较高的M2Ø极化水平。此外，LSE不会下调AT中的Icam1和Tnf，但似乎会通过上调Arg1来抑制归因于老化的M1Ø极化比的增加。