Agroforestry is often praised as a sustainable approach for the adaptation of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability in Africa. The environmental, economic, and social benefits of agroforestry can contribute to climate change adaptation efforts; however, most studies to date are quantitative and do not focus on specific natural hazards. To address these gaps, this study draws from the concepts of vulnerability and adaptation to explore how individuals from 20 smallholder farming households in semi-arid Isiolo County, Kenya have benefited from their agroforestry trees during drought and flood events. A total of 83 qualitative interviews were conducted with both male and female household heads. The interviews were recorded, and interview text was coded into major themes. The results highlight (1) the contributions of agroforestry trees to reducing sensitivity and increasing adaptive capacity to drought and flood events, as well as (2) the key characteristics of drought-important and flood-important agroforestry trees. In both drought and flood events agroforestry had an important role to play in reducing sensitivity, largely through improving environmental conditions (shade, soil erosion, windbreaker, microclimate regulation), and increasing adaptive capacity by providing critical tree products and financial benefits (fruit, food, firewood, construction materials, fodder, traditional medicines, money from sales of fruit products). Agriculture is often considered the livelihood strategy most vulnerable to climate change, and thus better understanding how to adapt agriculture to the impacts of climate change is critical for both the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and global food security efforts.

中文翻译：

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农林业树木对气候变化适应的贡献：来自肯尼亚伊西奥洛小农的叙述

农林业经常被称赞为使小农适应非洲气候变化和多变性的可持续方法。农林业的环境、经济和社会效益有助于气候变化适应工作；然而，迄今为止，大多数研究都是定量的，并不关注特定的自然灾害。为了解决这些差距，本研究借鉴了脆弱性和适应的概念，以探讨肯尼亚半干旱伊西奥洛县 20 个小农户的个人如何在干旱和洪水事件期间从他们的农林业树木中受益。总共对男性和女性户主进行了 83 次定性访谈。采访被记录下来，采访文本被编码成主要主题。结果突出了 (1) 农林业树木对降低敏感性和提高对干旱和洪水事件的适应能力的贡献，以及 (2) 干旱重要和洪水重要的农林业树木的关键特征。在干旱和洪水事件中，农林业在降低敏感性方面发挥着重要作用，主要是通过改善环境条件（遮荫、土壤侵蚀、风衣、微气候调节），并通过提供关键的树木产品和经济利益（水果、食物）来提高适应能力、木柴、建筑材料、饲料、传统药物、水果产品销售收入）。农业通常被认为是最容易受到气候变化影响的生计战略，