Background: 

HIV-uninfected infants of HIV-positive women may experience worse growth and health outcomes than infants of HIV-negative women, but this has not been thoroughly investigated under the World Health Organization's most recent recommendations to reduce vertical transmission.

Objective: 

To determine whether HIV-exposed and -uninfected (HEU) infants whose mothers received Option B+ have higher odds of experiencing suboptimal growth trajectories than HIV-unexposed, -uninfected infants, and if this relationship is affected by food insecurity.

Design: 

Repeated anthropometric measures were taken on 238 infants (HEU = 86) at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after delivery in Gulu, Uganda. Latent class growth mixture modeling was used to develop trajectories for length-for-age z-scores, weight-for-length z-scores, mid-upper arm circumference, sum of skinfolds, and arm fat area. Multinomial logistic models were also built to predict odds of trajectory class membership, controlling for socioeconomic factors.

Results: 

HEU infants had greater odds of being in the shortest 2 length-for-age z-scores trajectory classes [odds ratio (OR) = 3.80 (1.22–11.82), OR = 8.72 (1.80–42.09)] and higher odds of being in smallest sum of skinfolds trajectory class [OR = 3.85 (1.39–10.59)] vs. unexposed infants. Among HEU infants, increasing food insecurity was associated with lower odds of being in the lowest sum of skinfolds class [OR = 0.86 (0.76–0.98)].

Conclusions: 

There continues to be differences in growth patterns by HIV-exposure under the new set of World Health Organization guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the feeding of HEU infants in low-resource settings that are not readily identified through traditional mixed‐effects modeling. Food insecurity was not associated with class membership, but differentially affected adiposity by HIV-exposure status.

中文翻译：

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与未接触艾滋病毒的婴儿相比，在乌干达接触艾滋病毒的未感染婴儿的生长和身体组成轨迹更差

背景： 

HIV阳性妇女的未感染HIV的婴儿可能比HIV阴性妇女的婴儿经历较差的生长和健康结局，但是根据世界卫生组织关于减少垂直传播的最新建议，尚未对此进行彻底调查。

目的： 

为了确定母亲接受方案B +的HIV暴露和未感染（HEU）婴儿是否比未暴露HIV的未感染婴儿有更高的发展轨迹，以及这种关系是否受到食品不安全的影响。

设计： 

在乌干达古卢分娩的1周和1、3、6、9和12个月后，对238例婴儿（HEU = 86）进行了重复的人体测量学测量。使用潜伏类生长混合物建模来开发年龄z分数，体重z分数，上臂中上围，皮褶总和和手臂脂肪区域的轨迹。还建立了多项逻辑模型来预测轨迹类别成员的几率，控制社会经济因素。

结果： 

HEU婴儿出现在最短的2个年龄段z得分轨迹类别中的可能性更大[赔率（OR）= 3.80（1.22-11.82），OR = 8.72（1.80–42.09）]，而处于高年龄段的可能性更高与未接触婴儿的皮褶轨迹类别的最小总和[OR = 3.85（1.39–10.59）]。在高HEU婴儿中，食物不安全的增加与皮褶等级最低的可能性降低有关[OR = 0.86（0.76-0.98）]。

结论： 

根据世界卫生组织关于防止母婴传播艾滋病毒和在资源贫乏地区喂养高浓铀婴儿的新指导方针，暴露于艾滋病毒的增长方式仍然存在差异，而这是通过以下方式不易确定的传统的混合效果建模。粮食不安全与班级成员身份无关，但受艾滋病毒感染状况的影响对肥胖的影响不同。