Antibiotics affect microbial diversity in the gut, leading to dysbiosis and impaired immunity. However, the impact of antibiotics on microbial communities at other sites, such as vagina is less understood. It is also not clear whether changes induced by antibiotics in both microbiomes affect the development of cervical cancer. In this study, we utilized the murine model to evaluate these questions. We show that oral application of broad-spectrum antibiotics in mice changed not only diversity, but composition and sharing of gut and vaginal microbiomes in mice and influenced cervical cancer development in an orthotopic tumor model. Antibiotics decreased richness and diversity indexes in the gut but increased them in the vagina. Some beneficial taxa, such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae increased their abundance in the vagina while other pathogenic species, such as Proteobacteria, were decreased. As a result of the changes, mice with greater richness and diversity of the vaginal microbiome after antibiotics exposure were less likely developed tumors. No association between richness and diversity of the gut microbiome and tumor development was identified.

中文翻译：

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抗生素对小鼠肠道和阴道微生物组与宫颈癌发展相关的影响

抗生素会影响肠道微生物多样性，导致菌群失调和免疫力受损。然而，抗生素对阴道等其他部位微生物群落的影响却鲜为人知。目前还不清楚抗生素引起的两种微生物组的变化是否会影响宫颈癌的发展。在这项研究中，我们利用小鼠模型来评估这些问题。我们发现，对小鼠口服广谱抗生素不仅改变了小鼠肠道和阴道微生物组的多样性，还改变了其组成和共享，并影响了原位肿瘤模型中宫颈癌的发展。抗生素降低了肠道的丰富度和多样性指数，但增加了阴道的丰富度和多样性指数。一些有益的类群，如拟杆菌属、瘤胃球菌科和毛螺菌科，在阴道中的丰度增加，而其他致病菌种，如变形菌门，则减少。这些变化的结果是，接触抗生素后阴道微生物群更加丰富和多样性的小鼠患肿瘤的可能性较小。没有发现肠道微生物组的丰富性和多样性与肿瘤发展之间存在关联。