Neuron orientation selectivity, otherwise known as the ability to respond optimally to a preferred orientation, has been extensively described in both primary and secondary visual cortices. This orientation selectivity, conserved through all cortical layers of a given column, is the primary basis for cortical organization and functional network emergence. While this selectivity is programmed and acquired since critical period, it has always been believed that in a mature brain, neurons’ inherent functional features could not be changed. However, a plurality of studies has investigated the mature brain plasticity in V1, by changing the cells’ orientation selectivity with visual adaptation. Using electrophysiological data in both V1 and V2 areas, this study aims to investigate the effects of adaptation on simultaneously recorded cells in both areas. Visual adaptation had an enhanced effect on V2 units, as they exhibited greater tuning curve shifts and a more pronounced decrease of their OSI. Not only did adaptation have a different effect on V2 neurons, it also elicited a different response depending on the neuron's cortical depth. Indeed, in V2, cells in layers II‐III were more affected by visual adaptation, while infragranular layer V units exhibited little to no effect at all.

中文翻译：

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视觉适应对猫次生视觉皮层方向选择性的影响

在初级和次级视皮层中都已广泛描述了神经元方向选择性，也称为最佳响应首选方向的能力。这种定向选择性在给定色谱柱的所有皮质层中均保持不变，是皮质组织和功能网络出现的主要基础。尽管从关键时期开始就已经编程并获得了这种选择性，但人们一直认为，在成熟的大脑中，神经元的固有功能无法改变。然而，多项研究已经通过视觉适应改变细胞的方向选择性来研究V1中成熟的大脑可塑性。利用V1和V2区域的电生理数据，本研究旨在研究适应对两个区域同时记录的细胞的影响。视觉适应对V2单元具有增强的影响，因为它们表现出更大的调谐曲线偏移和OSI的更明显降低。适应不仅会对V2神经元产生不同的影响，而且还会根据神经元的皮层深度引起不同的反应。确实，在V2中，II-III层中的细胞受视觉适应的影响更大，而颗粒下的V层单位则几乎没有或根本没有作用。