Vitamin D has been intensively studied for its association with human health, but the scope of such association and the causal role of vitamin D remain controversial. We aim to comprehensively investigate the links between vitamin D and human health through both epidemiological and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We examined the epidemiological associations between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and 90 diseases/traits in 326,409 UK Biobank (UKBB) Europeans. The causal relations between 25(OH)D and 106 diseases/traits were investigated by performing MR analysis using genome‐wide significant 25(OH)D‐associated variants (N = 143) from the largest UKBB GWAS to date. In epidemiological analysis, we found 25(OH)D was associated with 45 diseases/traits across cardiovascular/metabolic diseases, psychiatric/neurological diseases, autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, cancer, musculoskeletal diseases, and quantitative traits. In MR‐analysis, we presented evidence suggesting potential causal role of 25(OH)D in increasing height (β = .064, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.019–0.11) and preventing the risk of ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99), multiple sclerosis (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.98), leg fracture (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.80) and femur fracture (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32–0.84). These findings confirmed associations of vitamin D with a broad spectrum of diseases/traits and supported the potential causal role of vitamin D in promoting health.

中文翻译：

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英国生物库中维生素 D 与常见疾病/特征的综合遗传和流行病学关联分析

维生素 D 与人类健康的关联已被深入研究，但这种关联的范围和维生素 D 的因果作用仍存在争议。我们旨在通过流行病学和孟德尔随机化 (MR) 分析全面调查维生素 D 与人类健康之间的联系。我们检查了 326,409 名英国生物银行 (UKBB) 欧洲人的血清 25-羟基维生素 D (25(OH)D) 浓度与 90 种疾病/特征之间的流行病学关联。通过使用全基因组显着 25(OH)D 相关变异 ( N = 143) 来自迄今为止最大的 UKBB GWAS。在流行病学分析中，我们发现 25(OH)D 与心血管/代谢疾病、精神/神经疾病、自身免疫/炎症疾病、癌症、肌肉骨骼疾病和数量性状的 45 种疾病/特征相关。在 MR 分析中，我们提供了证据表明 25(OH)D 在增加身高 ( β = .064, 95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.019–0.11) 和预防卵巢癌的风险（比值比 [OR] = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99）、多发性硬化症（OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.98)、腿部骨折 (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.80) 和股骨骨折 (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32–0.84)。这些发现证实了维生素 D 与多种疾病/特征的关联，并支持维生素 D 在促进健康方面的潜在因果作用。