Objective

To review birth cohorts with an exposomal approach and their key outcomes and challenges. Exposome encompasses all human environmental exposures from conception onward. The impact of environmental exposures is greatest in critical stages of life, including fetal and early childhood. Birth cohorts provide a good study setting to assess exposome in the sensitive periods of life. Here, we review birth cohorts with an exposomal approach and their key outcomes and challenges.

Data Sources

MEDLINE was searched for birth cohorts that have used an exposomal approach.

Study Selections

Relevant studies in English language were selected and reviewed.

Results

The outcomes of birth cohorts with an exposomal approach improve our understanding of the association between environmental exposures and childhood diseases. For example, results from The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study suggest an association between first trimester exposure to traffic-related air pollution and increased risk of allergic sensitization at 12 months of age (P = .6). In a smaller Canadian birth cohort study, it was found that regular use of air fresheners (adjusted P = .04) and presence of mold in the residence (adjusted P < .001) were associated with early childhood wheezing and cough. The application of emerging molecular omics technologies and new analytical tools has facilitated the comprehensive assessment of exposome in birth cohorts.

Conclusion

Birth cohort studies with an exposomal approach improve our understanding of the origin of childhood diseases by examining a complex network of environmental exposures during pregnancy and years beyond birth. International collaboration is required to develop large birth cohorts for better and more extensive assessment of exposome with standardized protocols and new statistical frameworks.

中文翻译：

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出生队列背景下的人体暴露研究-他们教了我们什么？

目的

用暴露方法检查出生队列及其主要结果和挑战。从概念开始，Exposome涵盖了所有人类环境暴露。在生命的关键阶段，包括胎儿和幼儿期，环境暴露的影响最大。出生人群为评估生命敏感时期的暴露提供了很好的研究环境。在这里，我们以一种极好的方法回顾了出生队列，以及他们的主要结局和挑战。

数据源

在MEDLINE中搜索了使用暴露方法的出生队列。

研究选择

选择并审查了英语相关研究。

结果

采用暴露方法进行出生队列研究的结果，加深了我们对环境暴露与儿童疾病之间关系的理解。例如，《加拿大健康婴儿纵向发展研究》的结果表明，与交通相关的空气污染引起的早孕期暴露与12个月大的变态反应致敏风险增加之间存在关联（P  = .6）。在一项较小的加拿大出生队列研究中，发现经常使用空气清新剂（调整后的P  = .04）和住所中有霉菌存在（调整后的P）<.001）与儿童早期喘息和咳嗽有关。新兴的分子组学技术和新的分析工具的应用促进了出生人群暴露颗粒的综合评估。

结论

运用队列研究方法进行的出生队列研究通过检查怀孕期间和出生后多年的复杂环境暴露网络，增进了我们对儿童疾病起源的了解。需要国际合作来发展大量的出生队列，以便通过标准化协议和新的统计框架更好地，更广泛地评估暴露。