Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common forms of cancer, and accounts for a high proportion of cancer-associated deaths. Growing evidences have demonstrated that non- protein-coding regions of the genome could give rise to transcripts, termed noncoding RNA (ncRNA), that form novel functional layers of the cellular activity. ncRNAs are implicated in different molecular mechanisms and functions at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated a complex array of molecular and cellular functions of ncRNAs in different stages of the HCC tumorigenesis, either in an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive manner. As a result, several pre-clinical studies have highlighted the great potentials of ncRNAs as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or therapeutics in targeting HCC progression. In this review, we briefly described the characteristics of several representative ncRNAs and summarized the latest findings of their roles and mechanisms in the development of HCC, in order to better understand the cancer biology and their potential clinical applications in this malignancy.

肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的癌症之一，在癌症相关死亡中占很大比例。越来越多的证据表明，基因组的非蛋白质编码区域可以产生转录物，称为非编码 RNA (ncRNA)，形成细胞活动的新功能层。ncRNA 在转录、翻译和翻译后水平涉及不同的分子机制和功能。越来越多的研究表明，在 HCC 肿瘤发生的不同阶段，ncRNA 具有一系列复杂的分子和细胞功能，无论是以致癌方式还是肿瘤抑制方式。因此，几项临床前研究强调了 ncRNA 作为癌症诊断或治疗靶向 HCC 进展的新型生物标志物的巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，我们简要描述了几种具有代表性的 ncRNA 的特征，并总结了它们在 HCC 发展中的作用和机制的最新发现，以更好地了解癌症生物学及其在这种恶性肿瘤中的潜在临床应用。