Many aspects of primate sperm physiology and reproductive behavior have been influenced by sexual selection, especially in taxa exposed to sperm competition where females mate with multiple partners. Primate sperm diversity reflects therefore the evolutionary divergences of the different primate species and the impact of a combination of variables exerting selection pressures on sperm form, function, and competition. Thereby, mating systems, life cycle or ecological variables are some of the important factors driving sperm diversity and explaining variation in terms of sperm morphology, parameters or male sexual characters. Here, we address primate sperm diversity through a compilation of all data available in the literature concerning primate sperm parameters and relationships between them. We also review the factors that can influence primate sperm diversity (e.g. mating systems, trade-off between investments in precopulatory and postcopulatory sexual traits, male and female sexual behaviors, seasonality, social constraints, testosterone levels), and discuss also their relevance to our understanding of human reproduction.

灵长类动物精子生理和生殖行为的许多方面都受到性别选择的影响，特别是在暴露于精子竞争的类群中，雌性与多个伴侣交配。因此，灵长类动物的精子多样性反映了不同灵长类物种的进化差异以及对精子的形态，功能和竞争施加选择压力的变量组合的影响。因此，交配系统，生命周期或生态变量是驱动精子多样性并解释精子形态，参数或男性性行为变异的一些重要因素。在这里，我们通过汇编文献中有关灵长类精子参数及其之间关系的所有数据，来解决灵长类精子的多样性问题。