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Fabric phase sorptive extraction combined with high-performance-liquid chromatography-photodiode array analysis for the determination of seven parabens in human breast tissues: Application to cancerous and non-cancerous samples.
Journal of Chromatography A ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461530
Vasileios Alampanos 1 , Abuzar Kabir 2 , Kenneth G Furton 2 , Željka Roje 3 , Ivana Vinković Vrček 4 , Victoria Samanidou 1
Affiliation  

An improved pretreatment approach of human breast tissue is demonstrated for subsequent analysis of seven parabens including methyl paraben (MPB), ethyl paraben (EPB), propyl paraben (PPB), butyl paraben (BPB), isopropyl paraben (iPPB), isobutyl paraben (iBPB), and benzyl paraben (BzPB). Specifically, a well-designed homogenization procedure, conjugated with an optimized fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) protocol, resulted in a carefully outlined sample preparation process as part of a green, simple, sensitive, economical and fast HPLC-PDA analytical method in agreement with Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) demands. Among all tested FPSE membranes, the highest extraction efficiency was achieved by employing sol-gel poly(tetrahydrofuran) (sol-gel PTHF) coating on 100% cotton cellulose fabric that represents a medium polarity microextraction device, which combined the advanced material characteristics of sol-gel sorbent and the rich surface chemistry of an inherent porous cellulose fabric substrate. The chromatographic separation was accomplished with a Spherisorb C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase consisted of ammonium acetate and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. The total analysis time was 13.6 min. The analytical adequacy of the composite sample preparation and chromatographic separation method was strongly evidenced by its successful application in the bioanalysis of real cancerous and non-cancerous tissue samples originated from different sub regions of human breast including axila, the upper left and the right quadrant. In all samples, at least one paraben was detected, while 35% of the samples were tested positive for all seven target parabens. Moreover, concentration levels of parabens in cancerous tissues were unambiguously higher than in healthy tissues. The obtained results underlined bioaccumulation potential of parabens in human breast tissue as a consequence of constant low-dose exposure of humans, despite the statutory concentration limits. The developed methodology has demonstrated to be suitable and efficient for future epidemiological and toxicological studies.



中文翻译:

织物相吸附萃取结合高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列分析法测定人乳房组织中的七种对羟基苯甲酸酯:在癌性和非癌性样品中的应用。

已证明一种改进的人体乳腺预处理方法可用于随后对7种对羟基苯甲酸酯的分析,包括对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(MPB),对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(EPB),对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(PPB),对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(BPB),对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯(iPPB),对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯( iBPB)和对羟基苯甲酸苄酯(BzPB)。具体而言,精心设计的均质程序与优化的织物相吸附提取(FPSE)方案相结合,导致精心设计的样品制备过程成为绿色,简单,灵敏,经济且快速的HPLC-PDA分析方法的一部分符合绿色分析化学(GAC)的要求。在所有测试过的FPSE膜中,通过在代表中极性微萃取装置的100%棉纤维素织物上采用溶胶-凝胶聚四氢呋喃(sol-gel PTHF)涂层实现了最高的萃取效率,该涂层结合了溶胶-凝胶吸附剂的先进材料特性和丰富的固有的多孔纤维素织物基材的表面化学。色谱分离是通过Spherisorb C完成的18色谱柱,等度流动相由乙酸铵和乙腈组成,流速为1.4 mL / min。总分析时间为13.6分钟。该复合样品制备和色谱分离方法的分析充分性得到了成功的应用,该方法成功地应用于了人体乳腺不同子区域(包括腋窝,左上象限和右象限)的真实癌变和非癌变组织样品的生物分析。在所有样品中,至少检测到一种对羟基苯甲酸酯,而所有7种目标对羟基苯甲酸酯中35%的样品均为阳性。此外,癌组织中对羟基苯甲酸酯的浓度水平明显高于健康组织。尽管法定浓度限制,但由于持续不断的低剂量人体暴露,所得结果强调了对羟基苯甲酸酯在人体乳房组织中的生物蓄积潜力。事实证明,所开发的方法适用于未来的流行病学和毒理学研究。

更新日期:2020-09-18
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