Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death for adults worldwide. Published articles have shown that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is involved in several cardiovascular diseases and can be modulated by physical exercise. TLR4 is the most expressed TLR in cardiac tissue and is an essential mediator of the inflammatory and apoptosis processes in the heart, playing a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. In addition, physical exercise can modulate the TLR4 in the mice heart, and its absence attenuates apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation. However, the relationship between TLR4 and physical exercise-induced cardiac adaptations has barely been explored. Thus, the objective of this brief review was to discuss studies describing how TLR4 influences cardiac responses to physical exercise and present a link between these responses and cardiovascular diseases, showing physical activity improves the cardiac function of individuals with cardiovascular diseases through the TLR4 modulation.

中文翻译：

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TLR4在体育锻炼和心血管疾病中的作用

心血管疾病是全世界成年人死亡的主要原因。已发表的文章表明，toll​​ 样受体 4 (TLR4) 是 toll 样受体 (TLR) 家族的成员，与多种心血管疾病有关，并且可以通过体育锻炼进行调节。TLR4 是心脏组织中表达最多的 TLR，是心脏炎症和细胞凋亡过程的重要介质，在心血管疾病的发展中起关键作用。体育锻炼被认为是预防和治疗这些疾病的非药物策略。此外，体育锻炼可以调节小鼠心脏中的 TLR4，它的缺失会减弱细胞凋亡、内质网应激和炎症。然而，TLR4 与体育锻炼引起的心脏适应之间的关系几乎没有被探索过。因此，这篇简短综述的目的是讨论描述 TLR4 如何影响心脏对体育锻炼的反应并提出这些反应与心血管疾病之间的联系的研究，表明体育活动通过 TLR4 调节改善了心血管疾病患者的心脏功能。