Archaea are members of most microbiomes. While archaea are highly abundant in extreme environments, they are less abundant and diverse in association with eukaryotic hosts.

Nevertheless, archaea are a substantial constituent of plant-associated ecosystems in the aboveground and belowground phytobiome. Only a few studies have investigated the role of archaea in plant health and its potential symbiosis in ecosystems. This review discusses recent progress in identifying how archaea contribute to plant traits such as growth, adaptation to abiotic stresses, and immune activation. We synthesized the most recent functional and molecular data on archaea, including root colonization and the volatile emission to activate plant systemic immunity. These data represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of plant-microbiota interactions.

古细菌是大多数微生物组的成员。虽然古细菌在极端环境中非常丰富，但与真核宿主相关的丰富度和多样性较低。

然而，古细菌是地上和地下植物生物组中与植物相关的生态系统的重要组成部分。只有少数研究调查了古细菌在植物健康中的作用及其在生态系统中的潜在共生关系。这篇综述讨论了古细菌如何促进植物性状（如生长、适应非生物胁迫和免疫激活）的最新进展。我们综合了古细菌的最新功能和分子数据，包括根部定殖和激活植物系统免疫的挥发性排放。这些数据代表了我们对植物-微生物群相互作用的理解的范式转变。