In this paper, a novel birefringence measurement method through the Rayleigh backscattered lightwave within single-mode fiber is proposed, using a single chirped-pulse with arbitrary state of polarization. Numerical analysis is carried out in detail, then pulse-compression phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (PC-Φ-OTDR) with polarization-diverse coherent detection is employed to verify this method. A 2km spun single-mode fiber is tested with 8.6 cm spatial resolution, and the average birefringence of the fiber under test is measured as 0.234rad/m, which is consistent with previous literatures about single-mode fiber. Moreover, the relationship between the measured birefringence and the spatial resolution is also studied for the first time, and the results show that spatial resolution is crucial for fiber birefringence measurement.

提出了一种利用具有任意偏振态的single脉冲，通过单模光纤内的瑞利反向散射光波进行双折射测量的新方法。进行了详细的数值分析，然后采用偏振分光相干检测的脉冲压缩相敏光时域反射仪（PC-Φ-OTDR）进行了验证。在8.6 cm的空间分辨率下测试了2 km旋转单模光纤，被测光纤的平均双折射测量为0.234rad / m，这与以前有关单模光纤的文献一致。此外，还首次研究了测量的双折射与空间分辨率之间的关系，结果表明，空间分辨率对于光纤双折射的测量至关重要。