Although various types of geophones are applied in seismic exploration, there are only three common types of signals produced by geophones: displacement, velocity, and acceleration signals. Currently, our understanding of the signal characteristics, such as the generation mechanism, the geophysical properties, and the significance of the corresponding rock physics, remains unclear, which makes it difficult to both scientifically evaluate and take full advantage of the different types of geophones. In this paper, the mechanism by which seismic waves are generated is studied based on the spring-damped vibration theory. The physical characteristics of the three above-mentioned signal types and the relationships among the physical properties of the signals and medium are analyzed, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resolution, and spectrum characteristics. Based on laboratory tests, field experiments, and applications, we obtained the following conclusions. The acceleration signal reflects the elastic characteristics of the medium and the change rules, and the signal strength is positively correlated with physical property changes. The acceleration signal has favorable attributes, such as small distortion, high fidelity, strong high-frequency amplitudes, and a wide frequency band. Therefore, the acceleration signal is more suitable for high-precision seismic exploration of complex media. In addition, the P-wave acceleration signal more accurately reflects the elastic Young modulus, shear modulus, and density changes than the velocity signal. However, the sensitivity decreases with increasing shear modulus and density. For the S-wave, the acceleration signal is more sensitive to the shear modulus and density than the velocity signal.

中文翻译：

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地震加速度信号分析与应用

尽管地震勘探中使用了各种类型的地震检波器，但地震检波器仅产生三种常见的信号类型：位移，速度和加速度信号。目前，我们对信号特性的了解，例如生成机理，地球物理特性以及相应岩石物理的重要性，仍然不清楚，这使得难以科学评估和充分利用不同类型的地震检波器。本文基于弹簧阻尼振动理论研究了地震波产生的机理。分析了上述三种信号类型的物理特性以及信号和介质的物理特性之间的关系，以及信噪比（SNR），分辨率，和频谱特征。根据实验室测试，现场实验和应用，我们得出以下结论。加速度信号反映了介质的弹性特性和变化规律，信号强度与物性变化呈正相关。加速度信号具有良好的属性，例如失真小，保真度高，高频幅度大，频带宽。因此，加速度信号更适合于复杂介质的高精度地震勘探。另外，与速度信号相比，P波加速度信号更准确地反映了弹性杨氏模量，剪切模量和密度变化。但是，灵敏度随着剪切模量和密度的增加而降低。对于S波，