Various types of plant raw material are widely used in the pulp and paper, textile, food, and agricultural industries and pharmacology. One of the problems of utilizing the complex plant biomass is poor knowledge of its hemicellulose content and the lack of effective enzymes for hydrolysis of hemicelluloses. Xyloglucan is the major structural and storage polysaccharide in all dicots and a great number of monocots. It has a branched architecture with a backbone constructed of β-1,4-connected cellotetraose units decorated with short sidechains composed of xylose, galactose, arabinose, fucose and some other residues. Sidechain composition and alternation order are specie-specific and can change during cell growth resulting in variety of xyloglucan structural types. In general, xyloglucan structure depends on the taxonomic position of the plant. Structural features of xyloglucans belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed in the evolutionary aspect. Xyloglucan hydrolysis is a necessary condition during conversion of plant biomass into high added-value products. Variety of xyloglucan structural types complicates the selection of enzymes for its hydrolysis. Xyloglucanase-containing multienzyme complexes can be used for efficient decomposition of plant biomass polysaccharides into fermentable sugars for biotechnology, and for the improvement of feed quality. Investigation of xyloglucanases is necessary for the development of methods for protecting plants from pathogenic microorganisms, which use these enzymes in the invasion of plant tissue. The article discusses structural features of xyloglucans from different taxonomic groups in the evolutionary aspect and reviews selection of xyloglucanases for efficient hydrolysis of complex plant biomass.

中文翻译：

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植物多糖木葡聚糖和水解它的酶（综述）

各类植物原料广泛应用于纸浆造纸、纺织、食品、农业和药学等行业。利用复杂植物生物质的问题之一是对其半纤维素含量知之甚少，并且缺乏用于水解半纤维素的有效酶。木葡聚糖是所有双子叶植物和大量单子叶植物中的主要结构和储存多糖。它具有支链结构，主链由 β-1,4 连接的纤维四糖单元构成，并装饰有由木糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖和一些其他残基组成的短侧链。侧链组成和交替顺序是物种特异性的，可以在细胞生长过程中发生变化，从而导致各种木葡聚糖结构类型。通常，木葡聚糖结构取决于植物的分类位置。在进化方面讨论了属于不同分类群的木葡聚糖的结构特征。木葡聚糖水解是植物生物质转化为高附加值产品的必要条件。木葡聚糖结构类型的多样性使其水解酶的选择复杂化。含木葡聚糖酶的多酶复合物可用于将植物生物质多糖有效分解为可发酵的糖类，用于生物技术和饲料质量的改善。研究木葡聚糖酶对于开发保护植物免受病原微生物侵害的方法是必要的，这些方法使用这些酶入侵植物组织。