Preparation of superhydrophobic carbon materials from lignocellulosic biomass waste via one‐step carbonization is very difficult due to the existences of polar functional groups and ashes, which are extremely hydrophilic. Herein, superhydrophobic carbon materials can be facilely synthesized by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass waste using FeCl₃ as catalyst. The results show that the surface energy of lignin‐derived char (Char_L) is significantly reduced to 19.25 mN m⁻¹ from 73.29 mN m⁻¹, and the water contact angle increased from 0 to 151.5°, by interaction with FeCl₃. Multiple characterizations and control experiments demonstrate that FeCl₃ can catalyze the pyrolytic volatiles to form a rough graphite and diamond‐like carbon layer that isolates the polar functional groups and ashes on Char_L, contributing to the superhydrophobicity of the Char_L. The one‐step catalytic pyrolysis is able to convert different natural biomass waste (e.g., lignin, cellulose, sawdust, rice husk, maize straw, and pomelo peel) into superhydrophobic carbon materials. This study contributes new information related to the interfacial chemistry during the sustainable utilization of biomass waste.

中文翻译：

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通过催化热解将生物质废物一步热化学转化为超疏水碳材料

由于存在极强亲水性的极性官能团和灰烬，因此很难通过一步碳化从木质纤维素生物质废物中制备超疏水碳材料。在此，通过使用FeCl ₃作为催化剂对生物质废物进行催化热解，可以容易地合成超疏水性碳材料。结果表明，木质素衍生焦炭（炭的表面能_大号）被显著减少到19.25 MN米^-1从73.29 MN米^-1，和水接触角从0附有的FeCl增加至151.5°，通过相互作用₃。多种表征和对照实验表明，FeCl ₃可催化热解挥发物以形成粗糙石墨和类金刚石碳层，用于隔离在Char的极性官能团和灰烬_大号，有助于炭的超疏水_大号。一步催化热解能够将不同的自然生物质废物（例如，木质素，纤维素，锯末，稻壳，玉米秸秆和柚皮）转化为超疏水碳材料。该研究为生物质废物可持续利用过程中的界面化学提供了新的信息。