Abstract Bursa is one of the largest cities of Turkey and it hosts 17 organized industrial zones. Parallel to the increase in population, rapidly growing energy consumption, and increased numbers of transport vehicles have impacts on the air quality of the city. In this study, regularly calibrated automatic samplers were employed to get the levels of air pollution in Bursa. The concentrations of CH4 and N-CH4 as well as the major air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, and O3, were determined for 2016 and 2017 calendar years. Their levels were 1641.62 ± 718.25, 33.11 ± 5.45, 42.10 ± 10.09, 26.41 ± 9.01, 19.47 ± 16.51, 46.73 ± 16.56, 66.23 ± 32.265, 7.60 ± 3.43, 659.397 ± 192.73, and 51.92 ± 25.63 µg/m3 for 2016, respectively. Except for O3, seasonal concentrations were higher in winter and autumn for both years. O3, CO, and SO2 had never exceeded the limit values specified in the regulations yet PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 had violated the limits in some days. The ratios of CO/NOx, SO2/NOx, and PM2.5/PM10 were examined to characterize the emission sources. Generally, domestic and industrial emissions were dominated in the fall and winter seasons, yet traffic emissions were effective in spring and summer seasons. As a result of the correlation process between Ox and NOx, it was concluded that the most important source of Ox concentrations in winter was NOx and O3 was in summer.

中文翻译：

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土耳其布尔萨的主要空气污染物：它们的水平、时间变化、相互作用和来源

摘要 布尔萨是土耳其最大的城市之一，拥有 17 个有组织的工业区。随着人口的增加、能源消耗的快速增长以及交通车辆数量的增加，城市的空气质量也受到了影响。在这项研究中，使用定期校准的自动采样器来获取布尔萨的空气污染水平。CH4 和 N-CH4 的浓度以及主要空气污染物包括 PM10、PM2.5、NO、NO2、NOx、SO2、CO 和 O3 的浓度是在 2016 和 2017 日历年确定的。他们的水平分别为1641.62±718.25，33.11±5.45，42.10±10.09，26.41±9.01，19.47±16.51，46.73±16.56，66.23±32.265，7.60±3.43，659.397±192.73，和51.92±25.63微克/对2016立方米， . 除 O3 外，这两年冬季和秋季的季节性浓度均较高。氧气、一氧化碳、SO2 从未超过法规规定的限值，但 PM10、PM2.5 和 NO2 已在几天内超出限值。检查 CO/NOx、SO2/NOx 和 PM2.5/PM10 的比率以表征排放源。总体而言，生活和工业排放在秋冬季节占主导地位，而交通排放在春夏季节有效。通过Ox与NOx的相关过程，得出冬季最重要的Ox浓度来源是NOx，而O3在夏季。家庭和工业排放在秋季和冬季占主导地位，而交通排放在春季和夏季有效。通过Ox与NOx的相关过程，得出冬季Ox浓度最重要的来源是NOx，而O3在夏季。家庭和工业排放在秋季和冬季占主导地位，而交通排放在春季和夏季有效。通过Ox与NOx的相关过程，得出冬季Ox浓度最重要的来源是NOx，而O3在夏季。