Abstract In the context of the National Interest Site (NIS) of Venice (North East, Italy), one of the largest petrochemical settlements in Europe, the presence of various significant historical contaminations of soils and groundwater as well as the proximity of different productive sites, have given rise to several complex situations when defining the responsibility for the contamination of groundwater. The identification of the site owner/operator’s duties is of primary importance in defining civil and penal liabilities. In order to favor the recovery of dismissed former production sites, and avoid the propagation of contaminated groundwater in adjacent sites, to highlight any contamination caused by background values (natural contamination) and to apply the European regulation on environmental crimes [EU-Directive 2008/99/EC of 19/11/2008 on the protection of the environment through criminal law. EU O.J. no. L328 6/12/2008], it is fundamental to present a clear operational framework of the prevention measures to be implemented. This also extends to any environmental safety measures that need to be applied and the specific liabilities incurred in view of the decision of the European Court of Justice of 4/03/2015 [ECJ (European Court of Justice). 2015. Decision no. 534 del 4/03/2015. Case C-534/13] which states the need to apply the EU Polluter Pays Principle (PPP). Moreover a historical outlook of the activities carried out on the site and the identification of specific tracers of the contamination source appear to be key elements. The case study of an area heavily contaminated with organo-chlorinated compounds in the NIS of Venice has been chosen, given the different interests of the owners and their concurrent duties, as well as the economic, administrative and technical impediments to recovering the areas for productive use. Organo-chlorinated solvents had been extensively used and can currently supply a fingerprint of the source of contamination. The analytic method applied for this study refers to Italian National guidelines [CNR–IRSA, APAT (Italian National Environmental Protection Agency). 2003. Analytical methods for water, no. 29/2003, Rome. (accessed January 30, 2019)], based on the Gas chromatography technique. The main contaminants detected are the following: Trichlorethylene and Tetrachloroethylene, Vinyl Chloride, 1,1- Dichlorethylene and 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane. Remediation appears bound to complex technical and legal issues which have been analysed in the Italian and EU context of environmental forensics practices.

中文翻译：

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地下水污染：非责任方的义务

摘要 在威尼斯（意大利东北部）国家利益遗址 (NIS) 的背景下，欧洲最大的石化定居点之一，土壤和地下水存在各种重大的历史污染以及不同生产地点的邻近, 在界定地下水污染的责任时产生了几种复杂的情况。确定场地所有者/运营商的职责对于界定民事和刑事责任至关重要。为了有利于被解雇的原生产场地的恢复，并避免污染的地下水在邻近场地的传播，强调由背景值（自然污染）引起的任何污染，并适用欧洲关于环境犯罪的法规 [EU-Directive 2008/99/EC of 19/11/2008 关于通过刑法保护环境。欧盟 OJ 号 L328 6/12/2008]，提出要实施的预防措施的明确操作框架至关重要。这也适用于任何需要采取的环境安全措施以及根据欧洲法院 2015 年 3 月 4 日的决定而产生的具体责任[ECJ（欧洲法院）。2015. 决定号。534 删除 4/03/2015。案例 C-534/13] 声明需要适用欧盟污染者付费原则 (PPP)。此外，在现场进行的活动的历史展望和污染源特定示踪剂的识别似乎是关键要素。考虑到业主的不同利益和他们同时承担的职责，以及恢复生产区域的经济、行政和技术障碍，选择了威尼斯 NIS 中一个被有机氯化化合物严重污染的区域的案例研究。用。有机氯化溶剂已被广泛使用，目前可以提供污染源的指纹。本研究采用的分析方法是指意大利国家指南 [CNR-IRSA、APAT（意大利国家环境保护局）。2003. 水的分析方法，没有。29/2003，罗马。（2019 年 1 月 30 日访问）]，基于气相色谱技术。检测到的主要污染物如下：三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯、氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯和1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷。修复似乎与复杂的技术和法律问题密切相关，这些问题已在意大利和欧盟的环境取证实践中进行了分析。