Rechargeable lithium‐ion, lithium‐sulfur, zinc‐air, and redox‐flow batteries are the most anticipated multipurpose platforms for future generations of electric vehicles, consumer devices, and portable electronics because of their high‐energy density and cost‐effective electrochemical energy storage. Over the past decades, a variety of novel separator membranes and electrolytes have been developed to improve rechargeable battery performance while not thoroughly addressing the issue of flammability, safety, and low cycling stability of high‐energy‐density batteries. This comprehensive review mainly underlines the optimization and modification of porous membranes for battery separator applications, covering four significant types: microporous separators, nonwoven mat separators, polymer electrolyte membranes, and composite membrane separators. Furthermore, the present trends in material selection for batteries are reviewed, and different choices of cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte materials are discussed, which will also serve as key components to boost the development of next‐generation rechargeable batteries.

中文翻译：

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高能量密度电池的隔膜

可充电锂离子，锂硫，锌空气和氧化还原液流电池因其高能量密度和经济高效的电化学能而成为下一代电动汽车，消费类设备和便携式电子产品最受期待的多功能平台存储。在过去的几十年中，已开发出多种新型隔膜和电解质来改善可充电电池的性能，但并未彻底解决高能量密度电池的易燃性，安全性和低循环稳定性的问题。这份全面的综述主要强调了用于电池隔膜应用的多孔膜的优化和改进，涵盖了四种重要类型：微孔隔膜，非织造垫式隔膜，聚合物电解质膜和复合膜隔膜。