Purpose: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) therapy, which is a widely used technique in clinical practice and is effective in improving the repair of alveolar bone defects or bone mass deficiency regeneration, requires the use of membrane materials with good biocompatibility, barrier function, rigidity matching the space maintenance ability, economic benefits and excellent clinical applicability. The aim of this study was to develop an electrospun attapulgite (ATT)-doped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold (PLGA/ATT scaffold) as a novel material for GBR applications.
Methods and Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the morphology and the crystalline structure of the PLGA/ATT scaffolds, respectively. Porosity and contact-angle measurements were also carried out to further characterize the physical properties of the PLGA/ATT scaffolds. The results of in vitro studies showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attached more readily to and spread better over the PLGA/ATT scaffolds than the Bio-Gide membrane. Furthermore, in the in vitro osteoinductive experiments with BMSCs, the PLGA/ATT scaffolds were found to enhance the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), promote the formation of mineralized bone nodules, and up-regulate the expression of several osteogenic markers—namely, runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin—which are similar to the effects of the Bio-Gide membrane. Further, in in vivo studies, the results of sequential fluorescent labeling, micro-computed tomography, and histological analysis suggest that using the PLGA/ATT scaffolds for repairing V-shaped buccal dehiscence on a dog’s tooth root improved bone regeneration, which is not only similar to the result obtained using the Bio-Gide membrane but also much better than that obtained using PLGA scaffolds and the negative control.
Conclusion: To achieve satisfactory therapeutic results and to lower the cost of GBR treatment, this study provided a promising alternative material of bio-degradable membrane in clinical treatment.

Keywords: electrospun, guided bone regeneration, attapulgite, osteogenesis


中文翻译：

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凹凸棒石掺杂电纺纤维PLGA支架在引导骨再生中的促成骨和屏障功能的影响

目的：引导骨再生（GBR）治疗是临床上广泛使用的技术，可有效改善牙槽骨缺损或骨量不足再生的修复，需要使用具有良好生物相容性、屏障功能、刚性的膜材料。与空间维护能力、经济效益和良好的临床适用性相匹配。本研究的目的是开发一种电纺凹凸棒石 (ATT) 掺杂的聚 (乳酸-共-乙醇酸) (PLGA) 支架 (PLGA/ATT 支架) 作为 GBR 应用的新型材料。
方法和结果：扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分别用于确定 PLGA/ATT 支架的形态和晶体结构。还进行了孔隙率和接触角测量以进一步表征 PLGA/ATT 支架的物理特性。体外研究的结果表明，与 Bio-Gide 膜相比，骨髓间充质干细胞 (BMSC) 更容易附着在 PLGA/ATT 支架上，并且在其上扩散效果更好。此外，在 BMSCs 的体外骨诱导实验中，发现 PLGA/ATT 支架可增强碱性磷酸酶 (ALP) 的活性，促进矿化骨结节的形成，并上调几种成骨标志物的表达——即，矮小相关转录因子 2、碱性磷酸酶、骨桥蛋白、和骨钙素——与 Bio-Gide 膜的作用相似。此外，在体内研究中，连续荧光标记、微型计算机断层扫描和组织学分析的结果表明，使用 PLGA/ATT 支架修复狗牙根上的 V 形颊裂可改善骨再生，这不仅与使用 Bio-Gide 膜获得的结果相似，但也比使用 PLGA 支架和阴性对照获得的结果好得多。
结论：为达到满意的治疗效果，降低GBR治疗费用，本研究为临床治疗提供了一种很有前景的生物降解膜替代材料。

关键词：静电纺丝，引导骨再生，凹凸棒石，成骨