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Velocity distribution function of spontaneously evaporating atoms
Physical Review Fluids ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 
Sergiu Busuioc, Livio Gibelli, Duncan A. Lockerby, James E. Sprittles

Numerical solutions of the Enskog-Vlasov (EV) equation are used to determine the velocity distribution function of atoms spontaneously evaporating into near-vacuum conditions. It is found that an accurate approximation is provided by a half-Maxwellian including a drift velocity combined with different characteristic temperatures for the velocity components normal and parallel to the liquid-vapor interface. The drift velocity and the temperature anisotropy reduce as the liquid bulk temperature decreases but persist for relatively low temperatures corresponding to a vapor behaviour which is only slightly non-ideal. Deviations from the undrifted isotropic half-Maxwellian are shown to be consequences of collisions in the liquid-vapor interface which preferentially backscatter atoms with lower normal-velocity component.

中文翻译:

自发蒸发原子的速度分布函数

Enskog-Vlasov(EV)方程的数值解用于确定自发蒸发成接近真空条件的原子的速度分布函数。已经发现,由半麦克斯韦提供了一种精确的近似值,该半麦克斯韦的漂移速度与垂直和平行于液-气界面的速度分量的不同特征温度相结合。随着液体体积温度的降低,漂移速度和温度各向异性减小,但是在相对较低的温度下持续存在,这对应于仅稍微不理想的蒸气行为。与未离心各向同性的半麦克斯韦方程的偏差被证明是液体-蒸汽界面碰撞的结果,该碰撞优先使原子以较低的正速成分反向散射。
更新日期:2020-09-11
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