In this paper, we report on the acceleration of protons and oxygen ions from tens of micrometer large water droplets by a high-intensity laser in the range of 1020 W/cm2. Proton energies of up to 6 MeV were obtained from a hybrid acceleration regime between classical Coulomb explosion and shocks. Besides the known thermal energy spectrum, a collective acceleration of oxygen ions of different charge states is observed. 3D PIC simulations and analytical models are employed to support the experiential findings and reveal the potential for further applications and studies.

中文翻译：

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用于等离子体物理应用的激光驱动液滴源

在本文中，我们报告了通过 1020 W/cm2 范围内的高强度激光加速来自数十微米大水滴的质子和氧离子。从经典库仑爆炸和冲击之间的混合加速机制中获得了高达 6 MeV 的质子能量。除了已知的热能谱外，还观察到不同电荷状态的氧离子的集体加速。采用 3D PIC 模拟和分析模型来支持实验结果并揭示进一步应用和研究的潜力。