Throughout the Cretaceous, Tethyan oceanic branches gradually closed, and various ophiolites became obducted and eroded. Their remnants, however, provide an abundance of exotic clasts of unknown origin. Sandstone samples from the oldest, Albian exotics-bearing strata of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and Central Western Carpathians were analysed for heavy minerals. These samples were dominated by a high content of chrome-spinels, zircon, tourmaline, apatite and rutile. Titanite, kyanite, monazite, epidote, sillimanite and staurolite were much less abundant. Garnet was generally also rare; however, it was locally common, as were blue amphiboles, pyroxenes and kyanite. The spinels found in the samples were predominantly derived from harzburgites (supra-subduction peridotites and volcanic rocks). The blue amphiboles represented glaucophanes to ferroglaucophanes, and were derived from HP/LT metabasites. Pyroxenes (enstatite, less commonly augite and diopside) most likely came from coeval volcanics. Most of the tourmalines were derived from metasedimentary rocks and locally from granitoids. Furthermore, some have a complex zonation with two phases of tourmaline, or tourmaline intergrown with quartz. These were likely derived from ophiolitic sources. The results from our analysis indicate a dominance of ophiolites and older sediments with local input of continental crust metamorphic rocks. A resulting palaeogeographic reconstruction involves secondary doubling of the Neotethys suture zone and its lateral shift north of the Central Western Carpathians, which formed a common source for exotics in the Pieniny Klippen Belt and the Central Western Carpathians.

中文翻译：

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西喀尔巴阡山脉中阿尔比安至赛诺曼尼亚外来混浊岩的来源：重矿物分析

整个白垩纪，特提斯洋支逐渐闭合，各种蛇绿岩被外展侵蚀。然而，它们的残余物提供了大量来源不明的外来碎屑。对来自 Pieniny Klippen 带和中西部喀尔巴阡山脉的最古老的、含有阿尔比亚外来物质的地层的砂岩样品进行了重矿物分析。这些样品以高含量的铬尖晶石、锆石、电气石、磷灰石和金红石为主。钛铁矿、蓝晶石、独居石、绿帘石、硅线石和十字石的含量要少得多。石榴石通常也很少见。然而，它在当地很常见，蓝色角闪石、辉石和蓝晶石也是如此。在样品中发现的尖晶石主要来自斜方辉石（超俯冲橄榄岩和火山岩）。蓝色闪石代表蓝闪石到铁绿闪石，并且来自 HP/LT 变碱石。辉石（顽辉石，不太常见的辉石和透辉石）很可能来自同时期的火山岩。大多数碧玺来自变质沉积岩，局部来自花岗岩。此外，有些具有复杂的分带，具有两相电气石，或电气石与石英共生。这些很可能来自蛇绿岩来源。我们的分析结果表明蛇绿岩和较老的沉积物占主导地位，当地输入大陆地壳变质岩。由此产生的古地理重建涉及新特提斯缝合带的二次加倍及其向中西部喀尔巴阡山脉以北的横向移动，