Protecting biodiversity in the face of contemporary conservation challenges requires actions across all land and sea tenures. In seeking improved conservation outcomes across these tenures, we undertook a multidisciplinary review of the property law, conservation and environmental ethics literature. Our review revealed three major threats of property rights to conservation: a focus on tangible goods at the expense of intangible services, a focus on the plot rather than the land or seascape and a focus on rights over responsibilities. Our analysis reveals that overcoming these threats requires a blending of the construct of property with both ecological principles and social values. To this end, we offer a practical, solutions‐focused approach that seeks to determine who has a responsibility, to whom they owe that responsibility and how that responsibility can be ascribed. This approach couples specific property rights with defined responsibilities owed to resource systems to support current and future beneficiaries. A formal recognition of the responsibilities that accompany rights can set the baseline of what society should be able to expect from rights‐holders. From this baseline, policy instruments can be more appropriately applied, supporting landholders in their responsibilities and where necessary, providing compensation for activities that extend beyond their responsibilities.

中文翻译：

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将产权与责任相结合，以改善陆地和海洋景观的保护成果

面对当代的保护挑战，保护生物多样性需要在所有土地和海洋使用权方面采取行动。为了在这些任期内寻求更好的保护成果，我们对财产法，保护和环境伦理文献进行了多学科审查。我们的审查揭示了产权保护的三大威胁：以无形服务为代价关注有形商品，关注土地而不是陆地或海洋景观以及关注责任权。我们的分析表明，要克服这些威胁，就需要将财产构造与生态学原理和社会价值观。为此，我们提供了一种实用的，以解决方案为重点的方法，旨在确定谁负有责任，他们应负谁的责任以及如何确定责任。这种方法将特定的财产权与资源系统所承担的明确责任相结合，以支持当前和未来的受益人。对权利伴随的责任的正式承认，可以为社会应能从权利持有者那里期望的目标设定基准。从这个基准出发，可以更适当地应用政策工具，支持土地所有者的职责，并在必要时为超出其职责范围的活动提供补偿。