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How fair is the allocation of bike-sharing infrastructure? Framework for a qualitative and quantitative spatial fairness assessment
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.08.007
David Duran-Rodas , Dominic Villeneuve , Francisco C. Pereira , Gebhard Wulfhorst

How fair is the allocation of the infrastructure of a bike-sharing system (BSS)? Design guidelines for BSSs focus on optimizing the demand but not on who is served who is not. Areas where mainly young Caucasians, highly educated people live, and that have high access to community resources, presented greater access to BSS. Based on the concept of spatial fairness and its subjectivity, we developed a framework for a qualitative and quantitative assessment to help decision-makers and the general public evaluate the allocation of BSS infrastructure. First, from the general concept of justice, we developed our definition of spatial fairness assessment based on the rules of spatial equity, equality, and efficiency. Then, we developed a qualitative and quantitative spatial fairness assessment of BSS. The qualitative assessment aims to understand how underprivileged people perceive the spatial fairness of BSSs taking as case study non-motorized households in Strasbourg feeling socially excluded. The quantitative assessment helps to numerically determine which distribution rule (equity, equality, efficiency) the infrastructure of a BSS follows. This assessment was applied in residential blocks inside the service area of the hybrid BSS in Munich, Germany. We developed a concept of availability as an accessibility indicator. As social indicators, we considered social milieus, access to other opportunities (e.g. health, education), and developed a deprivation index that is a combination of those two. As a result of the qualitative assessment, non-motorized individuals who felt socially excluded were less likely to talk about BSS at all. Furthermore, bicycles’ availability in the bike-sharing system in Munich matched the efficiency and equity rule, although lower availability of bikes correlates to residential blocks where traditional-oriented social groups live. Policy makers, stakeholders, urban and transport planners, and the general public have now available 1) the perception of a group of the underprivileged population about BSS, and 2) a quantitative methodology to identify which distribution rule(s) the infrastructure of a BSS follows and which social groups are spatially advantaged or disadvantaged by it. Further research may be oriented to apply the approach in the same city or applying them to more case studies.



中文翻译:

共享单车基础设施的分配公平吗?定性和定量的空间公平性评估框架

自行车共享系统(BSS)的基础设施分配公平吗?BSS的设计指南侧重于优化需求,而不关注谁为谁服务,谁没有服务。主要是年轻的白种人,受过高等教育的人生活的地区,并且社区资源的获取机会很高,因此,获得BSS的机会更大。基于空间公平的概念及其主观性,我们开发了定性和定量评估框架,以帮助决策者和公众评估BSS基础设施的分配。首先,从正义的一般概念出发,我们基于空间公平,平等和效率的规则,发展了对空间公平性评估的定义。然后,我们开发了BSS的定性和定量空间公平性评估。定性评估旨在了解弱势群体如何看待BSS的空间公平性,以斯特拉斯堡的非机动家庭为例研究,认为他们被社会排斥。定量评估有助于从数字上确定BSS基础结构遵循的分配规则(公平,平等,效率)。该评估适用于德国慕尼黑混合BSS服务区域内的住宅区。我们开发了可用性的概念作为可访问性指示器。作为社会指标,我们考虑了社会环境,获得其他机会(例如健康,教育)的机会,并制定了将两者结合的剥夺指数。作为定性评估的结果,那些感到被社会排斥的非机动人士根本不会谈论BSS。此外,慕尼黑的自行车共享系统中的自行车可用性与效率和公平规则相匹配,尽管自行车的可用性较低与传统社会群体居住的住宅区相关。政策制定者,利益相关者,城市和交通规划者以及一般公众现在可以使用:1)一群贫困人口对BSS的看法,以及2)定量方法来确定BSS基础设施的分配规则接下来是哪些社会群体在空间上处于有利地位还是处于不利地位。可能需要进行进一步的研究,以将该方法应用于同一城市或将其应用于更多案例研究。尽管自行车供应量的下降与传统社区居民居住的街区有关。政策制定者,利益相关者,城市和交通规划者以及一般公众现在可以使用:1)一群贫困人口对BSS的看法,以及2)定量方法来确定BSS基础设施的分配规则接下来是哪些社会群体在空间上处于有利地位还是处于不利地位。可能需要进行进一步的研究,以将该方法应用于同一城市或将其应用于更多案例研究。尽管单车的供应量较低,却与传统社会群体居住的住宅区有关。政策制定者,利益相关者,城市和交通规划者以及一般公众现在可以使用:1)一群贫困人口对BSS的看法,以及2)定量方法来确定BSS基础设施的分配规则接下来是哪些社会群体在空间上处于有利地位还是处于不利地位。可能会针对进一步的研究,以将该方法应用于同一城市或将其应用于更多案例研究。2)一种定量方法论,用以确定BSS基础设施遵循的分配规则以及哪个社会群体在空间上处于有利地位或不利地位。可能会针对进一步的研究,以将该方法应用于同一城市或将其应用于更多案例研究。2)一种定量方法论,用以确定BSS基础设施遵循的分配规则以及哪个社会群体在空间上处于有利地位或不利地位。可能需要进行进一步的研究,以将该方法应用于同一城市或将其应用于更多案例研究。

更新日期:2020-09-11
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