Thrombosis formation and bacterial infection are key challenges for blood-contacting medical devices. When blood components encounter a device’s surface, proteins are adsorbed, followed by the adhesion and activation of platelets as well as an immune response. This culminates in clot formation via the trapping of red blood cells in a fibrin matrix, which can block the device’s function and cause severe complications for the patient. In addition, bacteria may adhere to a device’s surface. This can lead to the formation of a biofilm, a protective layer for bacteria that significantly increases resistance to antibiotics. Despite years of research, no long-term solutions have been discovered to combat these issues. To impede thrombosis, patients often take antiplatelet drugs for the life of their device, which can cause excess bleeding and other complications. Patients can take antibiotics to fight bacterial infection, but these are often ineffective if biofilms are formed. Superhydrophobic surfaces show promise in reducing both thrombosis and bacterial infection on devices by impeding contact between biological components and the biomaterial. In this study, superhydrophobic titania nanoflower surfaces were successfully fabricated on a titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrate with hydrothermal synthesis and vapor-phase silanization. The surface topography, surface wettability, surface chemistry, and surface crystallography of the surfaces was subsequently characterized. Surface hemocompatibility was investigated through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity analysis, blood-plasma protein adsorption, platelet and leukocyte adhesion and activation, and whole blood clotting analysis. Surface bacterial infection was characterized through Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial adhesion and biofilm morphology. The results indicated a reduction of protein adsorption, platelet and leukocyte adhesion and activation, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation as well as improved contact angle stability compared to control surfaces.

血栓形成和细菌感染是血液接触医疗器械面临的主要挑战。当血液成分遇到设备表面时，蛋白质会被吸附，然后是血小板的粘附和活化以及免疫反应。通过将红细胞捕获在纤维蛋白基质中最终形成凝块，这可能会阻塞设备的功能并给患者带来严重的并发症。此外，细菌可能会附着在设备表面。这可能导致形成生物膜，这是细菌的保护层，可显着增加对抗生素的抵抗力。尽管进行了多年的研究，但仍未找到解决这些问题的长期解决方案。为了阻止血栓形成，患者经常在设备的整个生命周期内服用抗血小板药物，这可能导致出血过多和其他并发症。患者可以服用抗生素来对抗细菌感染，但如果形成生物膜，这些通常是无效的。超疏水表面通过阻止生物成分和生物材料之间的接触，在减少设备上的血栓形成和细菌感染方面显示出希望。在这项研究中，通过水热合成和气相硅烷化在钛合金 Ti-6Al-4V 基底上成功制备了超疏水二氧化钛纳米花表面。随后表征了表面的表面形貌、表面润湿性、表面化学和表面晶体学。通过乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 细胞毒性分析、血浆蛋白吸附、血小板和白细胞粘附和活化来研究表面血液相容性，和全血凝固分析。表面细菌感染的特点是革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌粘附和生物膜形态。结果表明，与对照表面相比，蛋白质吸附、血小板和白细胞粘附和活化、细菌粘附和生物膜形成减少以及接触角稳定性提高。