Abstract Legislation and guidelines developed for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) have set performance requirements to minimize leakage risk, and to quantify and remediate any leaks that arise. For compliance it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the possible spread, fate and impacts of any leaked CO2, and the ability to detect and quantify any CO2 seepage into marine or terrestrial environments. Over the past decade, a number of field scale CO2 release experiments have been conducted around the world to address many of the uncertainties regarding the characteristics of near-surface expression of CO2 in terms of the impact and quantitation of CO2 leaks. In these experiments, either free phase or dissolved CO2 was injected and released into the shallow subsurface so as to artificially simulate a CO2 leak into the near-surface environment. The experiments differ in a number of ways, from the geological conditions, surface environments, injection rates and experimental set-up - including the injection and monitoring strategy. These experiments have provided abundant information to aid in the development of our scientific understanding of environmental impacts of CO2 while assessing state of the art monitoring techniques. We collated a global dataset of field-scale shallow (depths

中文翻译：

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从 CO2 释放现场实验中，我们对 CO2 泄漏有何了解，未来还有哪些差距？

摘要 为碳捕集和封存 (CCS) 制定的立法和指南设定了性能要求，以最大限度地降低泄漏风险，并对出现的任何泄漏进行量化和补救。为了合规，有必要全面了解任何泄漏的 CO2 的可能扩散、归宿和影响，以及检测和量化任何 CO2 渗入海洋或陆地环境的能力。在过去的十年中，世界各地进行了许多现场规模的 CO2 释放实验，以解决在 CO2 泄漏的影响和定量方面的 CO2 近地表表达特征的许多不确定性。在这些实验中，自由相或溶解的 CO2 被注入并释放到浅层地下，以人工模拟 CO2 泄漏到近地表环境中。实验在许多方面有所不同，从地质条件、地表环境、注入率和实验设置 - 包括注入和监测策略。这些实验提供了丰富的信息，以帮助我们在评估最先进的监测技术的同时，加深对 CO2 环境影响的科学理解。我们整理了一个现场尺度浅层（深度 这些实验提供了丰富的信息，以帮助我们在评估最先进的监测技术的同时，加深对 CO2 环境影响的科学理解。我们整理了一个现场尺度浅层（深度 这些实验提供了丰富的信息，有助于我们在评估最先进的监测技术的同时，加深对二氧化碳环境影响的科学理解。我们整理了一个现场尺度浅层（深度