Current bioactive modifications of Ti-based materials for promoting osteogenesis often decrease corrosion fatigue strength (σ_cf) of the resultant implants, thereby shortening their service lifespan. To solve this issue and accelerate the osteogenesis process, in the present study, a TiO₂ nanorods (TNR)-arrayed coating was hydrothermally grown on optimal surface mechanical attrition treated (SMATed) titanium (S-Ti). The microstructure, bond integrity, residual stress distribution, and corrosion fatigue of TNR-coated S-Ti (TNR/S-Ti) and the response of macrophages and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to TNR/S-Ti were investigated and compared with those of mechanically polished Ti (P-Ti), S-Ti, and TNR-coated P-Ti (TNR/P-Ti). S-Ti showed a nanograined layer and an underlying grain-deformed region with residual compressive stress, which was sustained even when it was hydrothermally coated with TNR. TNR on S-Ti showed nanotopography, composition, and bond strength almost identical to those of P-Ti. While TNR/P-Ti showed a considerable decrease in σ_cf compared to P-Ti, TNR/S-Ti exhibited an improved σ_cf which was even higher than that of P-Ti. Biologically, TNR/S-Ti enhanced adhesion, differentiation, and mineralization of BMSCs, and it also promoted adhesion and M1-to-M2 transition of macrophages as compared to S-Ti and P-Ti. With rapid phenotype switch of macrophages, the level of proinflammatory cytokines decreased, while anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated. In co-culture conditions, the migration, differentiation, and mineralization of BMSCs were enhanced by increased level of secretion factors of macrophages on TNR/S-Ti. The modified structure accelerated bone apposition in rabbit femur and is expected to induce a favorable immune microenvironment to facilitate osseointegration earlier; it can also simultaneously improve corrosion fatigue resistance of Ti-based implants and thereby enhance their service life.

用于促进骨生成往往降低腐蚀疲劳强度Ti系材料的电流的生物活性的修饰（σ _CF）所得的植入物，从而缩短其寿命的服务。为了解决这个问题并加速成骨过程，在本研究中，TiO ₂纳米棒（TNR）排列的涂层在最佳表面机械磨损处理（SMATed）钛（S-Ti）上水热生长。TNR涂层的S-Ti（TNR / S-Ti）的微观结构，键完整性，残余应力分布和腐蚀疲劳以及巨噬细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）对TNR / S-Ti的反应我们研究并与机械抛光的Ti（P-Ti），S-Ti和TNR涂层的P-Ti（TNR / P-Ti）进行了比较。S-Ti表现出纳米晶粒层和下面的残余残余应力的晶粒变形区域，即使在对其进行水热涂覆TNR的情况下也能保持这种应力。S-Ti上的TNR显示出的纳米形貌，组成和结合强度几乎与P-Ti相同。虽然TNR / P-Ti系表现出相当大的降低σ _CF相比P-的Ti，TNR / S-Ti系表现出的改进的σ _CF甚至比P-Ti高。从生物学上讲，与S-Ti和P-Ti相比，TNR / S-Ti增强了BMSCs的粘附，分化和矿化作用，并且还促进了巨噬细胞的粘附和M1-M2过渡。随着巨噬细胞表型的快速转换，促炎细胞因子的水平下降，而抗炎细胞因子被上调。在共培养条件下，TNC / S-Ti上巨噬细胞分泌因子水平的增加增强了BMSCs的迁移，分化和矿化作用。修饰的结构加速了兔股骨的骨并置，并有望诱导良好的免疫微环境，以促进骨整合。它还可以同时提高Ti基植入物的耐腐蚀疲劳性，从而延长其使用寿命。