Dimension and ornamental stones used for built heritage are frequently affected, under all climates, by intense weathering induced by the transport of saline solutions. Accordingly, researchers addressed the weathering mechanisms induced by salts (primarily Na2SO4), the stresses generated in the host material, and the durability of ornamental and dimension stones. This study investigates the behaviour of four sedimentary lithotypes, differing in texture and structure (Breccia Aurora, Rosso Verona, and fine- and coarse-grained Vicenza Stone) exposed to a selection of saline solutions, aiming at evaluating their susceptibility to weathering and the influence of petrographic features on durability. The chosen Na2SO4, MgSO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, and KNO3 solutions include the anions characterizing the major saline sources affecting built heritage: capillary rise, acid rain, atmospheric particulate deposition, bird or other animal scat, and de-icing salt contamination. The petrophysical properties of unweathered and salt-weathered samples were characterized by relative mass variation estimation, capillary rise, and hygroscopic absorption-based porosimetry. Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with microprobe allowed studying the morphological changes triggered by weathering and analysing the chemical composition of the efflorescence crust. The whole of data, consistently with literature, allowed inferring pore type and distribution as the main intrinsic parameters controlling salt weathering susceptibility. Moreover, Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 proved to be the most harmful, probably due to their ability to crystallize in different hydration stages at room temperature. The comparative analysis of the induced weathering can help to choose suitable dimension stones for new buildings or restoration replacements.

中文翻译：

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建筑石灰石耐盐性试验研究

在所有气候下，用于建造遗产的尺寸和装饰石经常受到盐溶液运输引起的强烈风化的影响。因此，研究人员解决了由盐（主要是 Na2SO4）引起的风化机制、主体材料中产生的应力以及装饰和尺寸宝石的耐用性。本研究调查了四种不同质地和结构的沉积岩型（Breccia Aurora、Rosso Verona 和细粒和粗粒维琴察石）暴露于一系列盐溶液中的行为，旨在评估它们对风化的敏感性和影响岩相特征对耐久性的影响。选定的 Na2SO4、MgSO4、Na2CO3、NaCl 和 KNO3 溶液包括表征影响建筑遗产的主要盐源的阴离子：毛细管上升、酸雨、大气颗粒物沉积、鸟类或其他动物粪便以及除冰盐污染。未风化和盐风化样品的岩石物理特性通过相对质量变化估计、毛细管上升和基于吸湿吸收的孔隙度测定法进行表征。扫描电子显微镜与微探针相结合，可以研究风化壳的化学成分和风化引起的形态变化。与文献一致的全部数据允许推断孔隙类型和分布是控制盐风化敏感性的主要内在参数。此外，Na2SO4 和 Na2CO3 被证明是最有害的，这可能是由于它们在室温下在不同水合阶段结晶的能力。