Background

Green-lipped mussels, commercially known as Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791), contribute > $300 million to New Zealand’s aquaculture exports. However, mortalities during summer months and potential pathogenic outbreaks threaten the industry. Thermal stress mechanisms and immunological responses to pathogen infections need to be understood to develop health assessment strategies and early warning systems.

Methods

P. canaliculus were collected during a mortality event at a commercial aquaculture farm in Firth of Thames, New Zealand. Gill tissues from six healthy and six unhealthy mussels were excised and processed for metabolomic (GC–MS) and label-free proteomic (LC–MS) profiling. Univariate analyses were conducted separately on each data layer, with data being integrated via sparse multiple discriminative canonical correlation analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to probe coordinated changes in functionally related metabolite sets.

Results

Findings revealed disruptions of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and fatty acid metabolism in unhealthy mussels. Metabolomics analyses also indicated oxidative stress in unhealthy mussels. Proteomics analyses identified under-expression of proteins associated with cytoskeleton structure and regulation of cilia/flagellum in gill tissues of unhealthy mussels. Integrated omics revealed a positive correlation between Annexin A4 and CCDC 150 and saturated fatty acids, as well as a negative correlation between 2-aminoadipic acid and multiple cytoskeletal proteins.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates the ability of using integrative omics to reveal metabolic perturbations and protein structural changes in the gill tissues of stressed P. canaliculus and provides new insight into metabolite and protein interactions associated with incidences of summer mortality in this species.

中文翻译：

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一种综合的组学方法，用于调查新西兰Greenshell™贻贝的夏季死亡率。

背景

绿唇贻贝，商业上称为Greenshell™贻贝（Perna canaliculus Gmelin 1791），为新西兰水产养殖出口贡献了超过3亿美元。但是，夏季的死亡人数和潜在的病原性暴发威胁着该行业。需要了解热应激机制和对病原体感染的免疫反应，以开发健康评估策略和预警系统。

方法

P.泪小管死亡率事件在泰晤士，新西兰峡湾商业养殖场期间收集。切除了六个贻贝和六个健康贻贝的组织，并进行了代谢组学（GC-MS）和无标记蛋白质组学（LC-MS）分析。在每个数据层上分别进行单变量分析，并通过稀疏的多判别规范相关分析对数据进行整合。途径富集分析用于探测功能相关代谢物组中的协调变化。

结果

研究结果表明，不健康的贻贝中三羧酸（TCA）循环和脂肪酸代谢受到破坏。代谢组学分析还表明，不健康的贻贝中存在氧化应激。蛋白质组学分析确定了不健康贻贝g组织中与细胞骨架结构和纤毛/鞭毛相关的蛋白质表达不足。综合组学显示膜联蛋白A4和CCDC 150与饱和脂肪酸之间呈正相关，2-氨基己二酸与多种细胞骨架蛋白之间呈负相关。

结论

我们的研究证明了使用整合组学揭示应激小菜蛾the组织中的代谢扰动和蛋白质结构变化的能力，并提供了与该物种夏季死亡率相关的代谢物和蛋白质相互作用的新见解。