It is broadly acknowledged that collocation is a crucial aspect of lexical knowledge. A well-developed collocational knowledge is necessary to transfer receptive word knowledge into productive use. The aim of the present study was to investigate comparatively the effect of two glossing conditions (textual and audio) and skewed input on lexical collocation of intermediate EFL learners. To this end, 137 L1 Persian EFL students were given Oxford Placement Test (OPT), out of whom 80 were selected and assigned to four 20-participant groups: Textual Glossing Group (TGG), Audio Glossing Group (AGG), Skewed Input Group (SIG), henceforth as experimental groups, and Teacher Existing Method Group (TEMG), as control group. A piloted lexical collocation test, created by familiarity-rating checklist, was administered as a pretest and posttest to the participants to collect data. A delayed posttest was administered after a 2-week interval to assess the delayed effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable of lexical collocation. Collocations were presented in textual glossing, audio glossing, skewed, and L1 glossed conditions during ten instructional sessions. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc test for both immediate and delayed posttests. The results showed that the different gloss conditions and skewed input technique had significantly different effects on learners’ L2 lexical collocation gain. It was revealed that textual glossing and skewing techniques resulted in greater improvement in lexical collocation. Some pedagogical implications were represented for language teachers, learners, and testers.

中文翻译：

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通过对词汇搭配知识的修饰和倾斜技术提高输入的有效性的调查。

人们普遍承认，搭配是词汇知识的一个重要方面。良好的搭配知识对于将接受性词汇知识转化为生产性使用是必要的。本研究的目的是比较两种修饰条件（文本和音频）和倾斜输入对中级 EFL 学习者词汇搭配的影响。为此，137 名 L1 波斯语 EFL 学生接受了牛津分级考试 (OPT)，其中 80 名被选中并分配到四个 20 人参加的组：文本润色组 (TGG)、音频润色组 (AGG)、倾斜输入组(SIG)，此后作为实验组，而教师现有方法组 (TEMG)，作为对照组。由熟悉度评分清单创建的试行词汇搭配测试，对参与者进行前测和后测以收集数据。间隔 2 周后进行延迟后测，以评估自变量对词汇搭配因变量的延迟影响。在十次教学会议期间，搭配以文本修饰、音频修饰、倾斜和 L1 修饰条件呈现。使用单向方差分析和事后检验对数据进行分析，用于即时和延迟后测。结果表明，不同的光泽条件和偏斜输入技术对学习者的二语词汇搭配增益有显着不同的影响。结果表明，文本修饰和倾斜技术导致词汇搭配的更大改进。对语言教师、学习者和测试者有一些教学意义。