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Toxin-Antidote Elements Across the Tree of Life.
Annual Review of Genetics ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043659
Alejandro Burga 1 , Eyal Ben-David 2, 3 , Leonid Kruglyak 2
Affiliation  

In life's constant battle for survival, it takes one to kill but two to conquer. Toxin-antitoxin or toxin-antidote (TA) elements are genetic dyads that cheat the laws of inheritance to guarantee their transmission to the next generation. This seemingly simple genetic arrangement—a toxin linked to its antidote—is capable of quickly spreading and persisting in natural populations. TA elements were first discovered in bacterial plasmids in the 1980s and have recently been characterized in fungi, plants, and animals, where they underlie genetic incompatibilities and sterility in crosses between wild isolates. In this review, we provide a unified view of TA elements in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and highlight their similarities and differences at the evolutionary, genetic, and molecular levels. Finally, we propose several scenarios that could explain the paradox of the evolutionary origin of TA elements and argue that these elements may be key evolutionary players and that the full scope of their roles is only beginning to be uncovered.

中文翻译:


生命之树上的毒素解毒剂元素。

在生命不断的生存斗争中,要杀死一个就需要征服,而要征服则需要两个。毒素-抗毒素或毒素-解毒剂(TA)元素是遗传二元组,它们会欺骗遗传定律以确保将其传给下一代。这种看似简单的遗传安排(一种与解毒剂相关的毒素)能够在自然种群中快速传播并持续存在。TA元素是在1980年代首次在细菌质粒中发现的,最近在真菌,植物和动物中得到了表征,它们是野生分离株之间杂交的遗传不相容性和不育性的基础。在这篇综述中,我们提供了原核生物和真核生物中TA元素的统一视图,并突出了它们在进化,遗传和分子水平上的相似性和差异。最后,

更新日期:2020-11-25
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