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Mass Spectrometry Techniques in Emerging Pathogens Studies: COVID-19 Perspectives.
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00238
Iqbal Mahmud 1, 2, 3 , Timothy J Garrett 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

As corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly growing public health crisis across the world, our knowledge of meaningful diagnostic tests and treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is still evolving. This novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 can be diagnosed using RT-PCR, but inadequate access to reagents, equipment, and a nonspecific target has slowed disease detection and management. Precision medicine, individualized patient care, requires suitable diagnostics approaches to tackle the challenging aspects of viral outbreaks where many tests are needed in a rapid and deployable approach. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies such as proteomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics have been applied in disease outbreaks for identification of infectious disease agents such as virus and bacteria and the molecular phenomena associated with pathogenesis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) is widely used in clinical diagnostics in the United States and Europe for bacterial pathogen identification. Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS), a rapid ambient MS technique, has recently open a new opportunity for future clinical investigation to diagnose pathogens. Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based metabolomics and lipidomics have been employed in large-scale biomedical research to discriminate infectious pathogens and uncover biomarkers associated with pathogenesis. PCR-MS has emerged as a new technology with the capability to directly identify known pathogens from the clinical specimens and the potential to identify genetic evidence of undiscovered pathogens. Moreover, miniaturized MS offers possible applications with relatively fast, highly sensitive, and potentially portable ways to analyze for viral compounds. However, beneficial aspects of these rapidly growing MS technologies in pandemics like COVID-19 outbreaks has been limited. Hence, this perspective gives a brief of the existing knowledge, current challenges, and opportunities for MS-based techniques as a promising avenue in studying emerging pathogen outbreaks such as COVID-19.

中文翻译:

新兴病原体研究中的质谱技术:COVID-19 观点。

由于 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 是全球范围内迅速蔓延的公共卫生危机,我们对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-COV-2) 的有意义的诊断测试和治疗的了解仍在不断发展。这种新型冠状病毒病 COVID-19 可以使用 RT-PCR 进行诊断,但试剂、设备和非特异性靶标的获取不足导致疾病检测和管理速度减慢。精准医疗、个体化患者护理需要合适的诊断方法来应对病毒爆发的挑战性问题,其中需要快速且可部署的方法进行许多测试。蛋白质组学、糖组学、脂质组学和代谢组学等基于质谱 (MS) 的技术已应用于疾病暴发中,以识别病毒和细菌等传染病病原体以及与发病机制相关的分子现象。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/MS)在美国和欧洲广泛应用于临床诊断中的细菌病原体鉴定。纸喷雾电离质谱 (PSI-MS) 是一种快速环境 MS 技术,最近为未来诊断病原体的临床研究提供了新的机会。基于超高压液相色谱-高分辨率质谱 (UHPLC-HRMS) 的代谢组学和脂质组学已用于大规模生物医学研究,以区分传染性病原体并揭示与发病机制相关的生物标志物。PCR-MS 已成为一项新技术,能够直接从临床标本中识别已知病原体,并有可能识别未发现病原体的遗传证据。此外,小型化 MS 为分析病毒化合物提供了相对快速、高灵敏度和潜在便携式方法的可能应用。然而,这些快速发展的 MS 技术在 COVID-19 等流行病爆发中的益处有限。因此,这个观点简要介绍了基于 MS 的技术的现有知识、当前挑战和机遇,作为研究新出现的病原体爆发(如 COVID-19)的有希望的途径。
更新日期:2020-09-03
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