Due to the rapid onset and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of COVID-19 patients by hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with other drugs has captured a great deal of attention and triggered considerable debate. Historically, the worldwide use of quinoline based-drugs has led to a spectacular reduction in death from malaria. Unfortunately, scientists have been forced to seek alternative drugs to treat malaria due to the emergence of chloroquine-resistant parasites in the 1960s. The repurposing of hydroxychloroquine against viral infections, various types of cancer and autoimmune diseases has been ongoing for more than 70 years, with no clear understanding of its mechanism of action (MOA). Here, we closely examine the MOA of this old but influential drug in and beyond malaria. Better insights into how chloroquine targets the host's cellular and immune responses may help to develop applications against to new pathogens and diseases, and perhaps even restore the clinical utility of chloroquine against malaria.

中文翻译：

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氯喹对疟疾的宿主靶向作用。

由于COVID-19大流行的迅速发作和蔓延，仅通过羟氯喹或与其他药物联合使用治疗COVID-19的患者引起了极大的关注，并引发了广泛的争论。从历史上看，喹啉类药物在世界范围内的使用已导致疟疾死亡人数显着减少。不幸的是，由于1960年代出现了对氯喹耐药的寄生虫，科学家被迫寻找替代药物来治疗疟疾。羟氯喹针对病毒感染，各种类型的癌症和自身免疫性疾病的重新用途已经进行了70多年，但对其作用机理（MOA）尚无明确了解。在这里，我们仔细检查了这种古老但有影响力的药物在疟疾内外的MOA。