Premna odorata Blanco (Lamiaceae) is an ethnomedicinal plant, where some reports claimed their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antituberculosis effects, without investigating its role on the brain. Therefore, forty mature male rats were equally divided into 4 groups; the 1st was kept as control. Rats in groups 2 and 4 were orally given P. odorata extract daily at a dose of 500 mg/kg B.W., while those in groups 3 and 4 were daily administrated aluminum chloride "AlCl3" (70 mg/kg B.W.). The treatments extended for 30 successive days. At the end of the experimental period, brain samples were collected for biochemical assay of glutathione reductase (GSH), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). Besides, monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin), amino acids (glutamine, serine, arginine, taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), neurotransmitters, DNA damage, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α genes were estimated. Moreover, brain samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. Aluminum toxicity resulted in a decline of GSH concentration, elevation of MDA, and AChE activity. Except for GABA which exhibited a significant decrease, there was a marked increase in the measured amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters. Also, an increase in mRNA expressions of TNF-α and COX-2 was detected. It was noticed that Premna odorata extract reduced the oxidative stress and counteracted the augmentations in AChE caused by AlCl3. Marked improvements in most measured neurotransmitters with downregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression were recorded in P. odorata + AlCl3 group. Premna odorata restores the altered histopathological feature induced by AlCl3. In conclusion, the present findings clarify that P. odorata extract could be important in improving and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as it was able to reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, biochemical alterations, and histopathological changes in rats exposed to AlCl3 toxicity.

中文翻译：

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Premna odorata提取物对铝的神经毒性作用有保护作用：神经化学，分子和组织病理学改变。

Premna odorata Blanco（唇形科）是一种民族药用植物，一些报道声称它们具有抗炎，细胞毒性和抗结核作用，而没有研究其对大脑的作用。因此，将40只成年雄性大鼠平均分为4组。第一个作为控制。第2和第4组的大鼠每天口服香茅提取物，剂量为500 mg / kg BW，而第3和第4组的大鼠则每天服用氯化铝“ AlCl3”（70 mg / kg BW）。治疗持续了30天。在实验期结束时，收集脑样本用于生化测定谷胱甘肽还原酶（GSH），过氧化氢酶，丙二醛（MDA）和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性（AChE）。此外，单胺（去甲肾上腺素，多巴胺，5-羟色胺），氨基酸（谷氨酰胺，丝氨酸，精氨酸，估计牛磺酸和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA），神经递质，DNA损伤，环氧合酶2（COX-2）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α基因。此外，获得脑样本用于组织病理学研究。铝毒性导致GSH浓度，MDA升高和AChE活性下降。除了GABA显着降低外，测得的氨基酸和单胺类神经递质明显增加。另外，检测到TNF-α和COX-2的mRNA表达增加。注意到香茅提取物减少了氧化应激并抵消了由AlCl3引起的AChE的增加。P. odorata + AlCl3组记录到大多数测量的神经递质随着促炎基因表达的下调而显着改善。Premna odorata恢复了AlCl3诱导的改变的组织病理学特征。总而言之，本研究结果表明，香茅提取物在减少和暴露于AlCl3毒性的大鼠中的氧化应激，DNA损伤，生化改变和组织病理学改变方面，对改善和治疗神经退行性疾病具有重要意义。