In European research and innovation policy, Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Open Science (OS) encompass two co-existing sets of ambitions concerning systemic change in the practice of research and innovation. This paper is an exploratory attempt to uncover synergies and differences between RRI and OS, by interrogating what motivates their respective transformative agendas. We offer two storylines that account for the specific contexts and dynamics from which RRI and OS have emerged, which in turn offer entrance points to further unpacking what ‘opening up’ to society means with respect to the transformative change agendas that are implicit in the two agendas. We compare differences regarding the ‘how’ of opening up in light of the ‘why’ to explore common areas of emphasis in both OS and RRI. We argue that while both agendas align with mission-oriented narratives around grand societal challenges, OS tends to emphasize efficiency and technical optimisation over RRI’s emphasis on normative concerns and democracy deficits, and that the two agendas thus contrast in their relative legitimate emphasis on doable outcomes versus desirable outcomes. In our conclusion, we reflect on the future outlook for RRI and OS’ co-existence and uptake, and on what their respective ambitions for transformation might mean for science-society scholars and scholarship.

在欧洲的研究和创新政策中，负责任的研究和创新 (RRI) 和开放科学 (OS) 包含两组共存的关于研究和创新实践中系统性变革的雄心。本文是探索性尝试，通过询问推动其各自变革议程的动机，揭示 RRI 和 OS 之间的协同作用和差异。我们提供了两个故事情节，说明了 RRI 和 OS 出现的特定背景和动态，这反过来又提供了切入点，以进一步解开“向社会开放”意味着关于两者中隐含的变革议程的含义议程。我们根据“为什么”比较开放“如何”的差异，以探索 OS 和 RRI 的共同重点领域。可行的结果与理想的结果。在我们的结论中，我们反思了 RRI 和 OS 共存和采用的未来前景，以及它们各自的转型雄心可能对科学社会学者和学术界意味着什么。