Increasing drift in antimicrobial therapy failure against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), and the advent of extended resistant strains strongly demand discovery of mechanisms underlying development of drug resistance. The emergence of resistance against anti-TB drugs has reached an alarming level in various parts of the world, providing an active platform for the design of new targeted drug delivery. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have an important role in controlling TB pathogenesis. At macrophage activation, ROS that are produced inside macrophages directly kill resident bacteria. These ROS possess a dual character because they can kill macrophages along with the resident bacteria. Targeting these ROS can play a remarkable part in overcoming resistance of conventional drugs. Nanoparticles (NPs) have evolved as a potential drug carrier for targeted delivery and elimination of various resistance mechanisms against antimicrobials. Receptor-mediated targeting of macrophages via different NPs may be a promising strategy for combating drug resistance and enhancing efficacy of old-fashioned antimycobacterial agents.

中文翻译：

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结核病抗性和纳米颗粒：对抗巨噬细胞中活性氧物种的双重作用，用于结核病管理。

对结核分枝杆菌（结核病（TB）的病原体）的抗菌治疗失败的漂移增加，以及耐药菌株的出现，强烈要求发现耐药性发展的潜在机制。抗结核药物耐药性的出现在世界各地达到了令人震惊的程度，为新型靶向给药的设计提供了一个活跃的平台。活性氧 (ROS) 在控制 TB 发病机制中具有重要作用。在巨噬细胞激活时，巨噬细胞内产生的 ROS 直接杀死常驻细菌。这些 ROS 具有双重特性，因为它们可以杀死巨噬细胞和常驻细菌。针对这些 ROS 可以在克服常规药物的耐药性方面发挥重要作用。纳米颗粒 (NPs) 已发展成为一种潜在的药物载体，用于靶向递送和消除各种抗微生物药物耐药机制。通过不同的纳米颗粒受体介导的巨噬细胞靶向可能是对抗耐药性和提高老式抗分枝杆菌药物疗效的一种有前景的策略。