The current study examines protective factors for women who transition from county jails to rural Appalachian communities, areas with limited health and behavioral health services. The study included drug-using women recruited from three jails in rural Appalachia and followed-up at 12-months post-release. Analyses focused on differences between women who remained in the community and those who returned to custody, as well as a multivariate model to determine protective factors for reentry success. At the bivariate level, staying out of jail was associated with being older, having a job, not using drugs, stable housing, receiving health treatment, and having prosocial peers. In the multivariate model, the most robust predictors of staying out of jail were drug use abstinence, health care utilization, and prosocial peers. Most research on criminogenic needs associated with reentry success have focused on men, and most focused on reentry to urban communities where services and resources are more accessible. These findings have important implications for criminal justice systems to implement reentry programs for women offenders during the transition to the community.

本研究调查了从县监狱过渡到农村阿巴拉契亚社区（健康和行为保健服务有限的地区）的妇女的保护因素。该研究包括从阿巴拉契亚农村的三个监狱中招募的吸毒妇女，并在释放后12个月进行随访。分析的重点是留在社区的妇女与重返监护权的妇女之间的差异，以及确定再入成功保护因素的多变量模型。在双变量水平上，不入狱与年长，有工作，不吸毒，稳定住房，接受医疗保健以及有亲社会同伴有关。在多变量模型中，最有效的避免入狱的预测因素是戒毒，医疗保健利用和亲社会同伴。关于与再入成功有关的致犯罪性需求的大多数研究都集中在男性上，而大多数研究则集中在更容易获得服务和资源的城市社区中。这些发现对刑事司法系统在向社区过渡期间实施针对女性罪犯的再入境计划具有重要意义。