Background: Obesity is known to be a multifactorial disease. In its pathogenesis, different factors such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, genetic factors, environmental effects, vegetative disturbance, and unbalanced nutrition play a significant role.

Methodology: This study describes the association of obesity and insulin resistance with chronic inflammation, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Previous literature has been reviewed to explain the relation of obesity with those factors involved in chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin.

Results: Obesity is associated with a decrease in ghrelin secretion, elevated plasma leptin levels, oxidative stress, increased macrophage phagocytic activity, and the induction of proinflammatory synthesis of cytokines and interferon-gamma. Obesity is linked to decreased levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and impaired detoxification processes. Deficiency of vitamins and minerals can also play a significant role in the development of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in obesity. There is evidence of associations between a genetic predisposition to obesity in children with elevated levels of certain miRNAs.

Conclusion: The purpose of the present review is an analysis of the multiple factors associated with obesity.

背景：肥胖是一种多因素疾病。在其发病机理中，慢性炎症，氧化应激，胰岛素抵抗，遗传因素，环境影响，营养失调和营养失衡等不同因素起着重要作用。

方法：这项研究描述了肥胖和胰岛素抵抗与慢性炎症，遗传和表观遗传因素的关系。以前的文献已经进行了综述，以解释肥胖与那些与慢性低度炎症和胰岛素有关的因素之间的关系。

结果：肥胖与生长素释放肽分泌减少，血浆瘦素水平升高，氧化应激，巨噬细胞吞噬活性增加以及细胞因子和干扰素-γ的促炎性合成有关。肥胖与细胞色素P450（CYP）酶水平降低和排毒过程受损有关。维生素和矿物质的缺乏在肥胖症的氧化应激和慢性炎症的发生中也起着重要作用。有证据表明，某些miRNA水平升高的儿童的肥胖症与遗传易感性之间存在关联。

结论：本综述的目的是分析与肥胖有关的多种因素。