Alongside the EU–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), a Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) between the EU and Japan entered into force in 2019. Whereas the EPA enshrines the existing interconnectedness between the Japanese and European economies, the SPA remains more aspirational. With an emphasis on shared norms and values and recognising an increasingly hostile external environment, the EU and Japan are seeking to deepen and broaden their security cooperation. For the period 1990–2017, EU–Japan security cooperation is mapped for a broad range of security domains. During this period, cooperation has increased notably in domains such as economic security, cyber-security and civil protection. In other areas, such as military, regional, energy and human security as well as terrorism, the scope of cooperation lags behind. Looking forward, the SPA not only reflects a renewed interest and level of ambition in the EU and Japan but also provides them with a platform to extend security cooperation to address their global and regional challenges.

中文翻译：

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欧盟-日本安全合作的新视野

除欧盟-日本经济伙伴关系协定 (EPA) 外，欧盟与日本之间的战略伙伴关系协定 (SPA) 于 2019 年生效。尽管 EPA 体现了日本和欧洲经济体之间现有的相互联系，但 SPA 仍然更具抱负。欧盟和日本强调共同的规范和价值观，并认识到日益敌对的外部环境，正在寻求深化和扩大安全合作。在 1990 年至 2017 年期间，欧盟与日本的安全合作涵盖了广泛的安全领域。在此期间，在经济安全、网络安全和民防等领域的合作显着增加。在其他领域，如军事、地区、能源和人类安全以及恐怖主义，合作范围滞后。期待，