Introduction. Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recently discovered parvovirus; it has been shown to be a common cause of respiratory infections and gastroenteritis in children. Since its identification, HBoV has been detected worldwide in nasopharyngeal swabs, serum and stool samples particularly those obtained from young children suffering from respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infections. Aim. The aim of this work was to determine HBoV prevalence among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Egypt, to detect the most prevalent HBoV genotype and to compare PCR and ELISA as diagnostic techniques for HBoV infection. Methods. Nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were obtained within the first day of admission from 75 children diagnosed with acute respiratory tract infection in El-Shatby University Hospital for Children in Alexandria, Egypt from October 2018 to March 2019. Conventional PCR was used to detect HBoV DNA, ELISA was used to detect HBoV IgM antibodies and sequencing of the VP1/2 genes was used for genotyping. Results. Seven (9.3%) of the 75 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from patients with acute respiratory tract infection were positive for HBoV by PCR, while 5 (6.7 %) of the 75 serum samples were positive for HBoV IgM antibodies using ELISA. The correlation between PCR and ELISA results showed a highly significant association between PCR and ELISA techniques (X 2=52.041, P<0.01) and a highly significant agreement between the two methods (Kappa=81.9 %, P<0.01). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all positive samples were related to the HBoV-1 genotype. Conclusion. Human bocavirus was detected at 9.3 % prevalence in nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from children with acute respiratory tract infection. The HBoV-1 genotype was the only genotype detected, suggesting that a single genetic lineage of HBoV is circulating in Egypt. PCR and ELISA are two reliable methods for detection and diagnosis of HBoV.

中文翻译：

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儿童确诊为急性呼吸道感染的人类博卡病毒的检测和系统发育分析。

介绍。人博卡病毒（HBoV）是最近发现的细小病毒；它已被证明是儿童呼吸道感染和胃肠炎的常见原因。自从鉴定以来，HBoV在全世界的鼻咽拭子，血清和粪便样本中被检测到，尤其是从患有呼吸道或胃肠道感染的幼儿那里获得的样本。目标。这项工作的目的是确定埃及急性呼吸道感染儿童的HBoV患病率，以检测最流行的HBoV基因型，并比较PCR和ELISA作为HBoV感染的诊断技术。方法。2018年10月至2019年3月，在埃及亚历山大港的El-Shatby大学儿童医院从75名被诊断患有急性呼吸道感染的儿童入院的第一天获得了鼻咽拭子和血液样本。常规PCR用于检测HBoV DNA， ELISA用于检测HBoV IgM抗体，VP1 / 2基因的测序用于基因分型。结果。通过PCR从急性呼吸道感染患者中获得的75份鼻咽拭子中有7份（9.3％）的HBoV呈阳性，而75份血清样品中有5份（6.7％）的ELISA呈HBOV IgM抗体阳性。PCR和ELISA结果之间的相关性表明PCR和ELISA技术之间存在高度显着相关性（X 2 = 52.041，P <0.01）和两种方法之间的高度显着一致性（Kappa = 81.9％，P <0.01）。系统发育分析表明，所有阳性样品均与HBoV-1基因型有关。结论。 从患有急性呼吸道感染的儿童获得的鼻咽拭子中检出的人类博卡病毒的患病率为9.3％。HBoV-1基因型是唯一检测到的基因型，这表明HBoV的单一遗传谱系正在埃及传播。PCR和ELISA是检测和诊断HBoV的两种可靠方法。