Purpose This study reports findings from a clinical trial that implemented an early stuttering treatment program integrated with evidence-based parenting support (EBPS) to children who stutter (CWS) with concomitant self-regulation challenges manifested in elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (eADHD) symptoms and compared those outcomes to CWS receiving stuttering treatment without EBPS. Method Participants were 76 preschool CWS and their parent(s). Thirty-six of these children presented with eADHD and were quasirandomized into two groups: stuttering treatment only (eADHD standard ) or stuttering treatment integrated with EBPS (eADHD integrated ). The remaining children did not meet criteria for eADHD symptoms and received stuttering treatment only (No-eADHD standard ). Pre, post, and 3-month follow-up measures of stuttering treatment outcomes as well as treatment effects on measures of child behavior difficulties and parenting practices were examined. Results Significant reduction in stuttering was found for all groups. However, the eADHD integrated group showed a greater reduction in stuttering frequency than the eADHD standard group, and at follow-up, stuttering frequencies in the eADHD integrated group matched those of children in the No-eADHD standard group, while stuttering in the eADHD standard group remained significantly higher. Children with eADHD symptoms who received the integrated program also required significantly less stuttering intervention time than those children with eADHD symptoms who received stuttering treatment only. Families in the eADHD integrated group reported large and significant improvements in child behavior and parenting practices. Conclusion This study provides support for an early treatment program for CWS. The integrated stuttering and self-regulation management program for CWS with eADHD symptoms proved successful for fluency and behavioral improvements, which were sustained at follow-up.

中文翻译：

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针对早期发育性口吃障碍的综合口吃和家长管理的自我调节计划的评估

目的本研究报告了一项临床试验的结果，该试验针对口吃儿童 (CWS) 实施了早期口吃治疗计划，该计划与循证育儿支持 (EBPS) 相结合，并伴随着自我调节挑战，表现为注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (eADHD) 升高症状并将这些结果与接受口吃治疗而没有 EBPS 的 CWS 进行比较。 方法参与者是 76 名学前 CWS 及其家长。其中 36 名儿童患有 eADHD，并被半随机分为两组：仅进行口吃治疗（eADHD标准）或与 EBPS 相结合的口吃治疗（eADHD融合的）。其余儿童不符合 eADHD 症状标准，仅接受口吃治疗（No-eADHD标准）。研究了口吃治疗结果的治疗前、治疗后和三个月的随访措施，以及治疗对儿童行为困难和养育方式措施的影响。 结果所有组的口吃均显着减少。然而，eADHD融合的与 eADHD 组相比，该组的口吃频率显着降低标准组以及后续的 eADHD 口吃频率融合的组与非 eADHD 儿童的组相匹配标准组，同时在 eADHD 中口吃标准组仍显着较高。接受综合计划的患有 eADHD 症状的儿童也比那些仅接受口吃治疗的患有 eADHD 症状的儿童所需的口吃干预时间显着减少。患有 eADHD 的家庭融合的该小组报告说，儿童行为和养育方式有了巨大而显着的改善。 结论这项研究为 CWS 的早期治疗计划提供了支持。事实证明，针对患有 eADHD 症状的 CWS 的综合口吃和自我调节管理计划在流畅性和行为改善方面取得了成功，并且在随访中得到了持续改善。