Multiple stimulant and non-stimulant medications are approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Choosing among the available agents and determining the most effective ADHD medication for a given child can be a time-consuming process due to the high inter-individual variability in treatment efficacy. As a result, there is growing interest in identifying predictors of ADHD medication response in children through the burgeoning field of pharmacogenomics. This article reviews childhood ADHD pharmacogenomics efficacy studies published during the last decade (2009-2019), which have largely focused on pharmacodynamic candidate gene investigations of methylphenidate and atomoxetine response, with a smaller number investigating pharmacokinetic candidate genes and genome-wide approaches. Findings from studies which have advanced the field of ADHD pharmacogenomics through investigation of meta-analytic approaches and gene-gene interactions are also overviewed. Despite recent progress, no one genetic variant or currently available pharmacogenomics test has demonstrated clinical utility in pinpointing the optimal ADHD medication for a given individual patient, highlighting the need for further investigation.

中文翻译：

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遗传对小儿注意力缺乏/多动障碍药物治疗功效的影响：概述和研究现状。

多种刺激和非刺激药物已获批准用于治疗注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD），这是儿童中最普遍的神经发育障碍之一。由于治疗效果的个体差异较大，因此在给定儿童中选择可用的药物并确定最有效的ADHD药物可能是一个耗时的过程。结果，通过药物基因组学的新兴领域，人们越来越需要确定儿童多动症药物反应的预测因子。本文回顾了过去十年（2009-2019年）发表的儿童多动症药物基因组学功效研究，这些研究主要集中于哌醋甲酯和阿莫西汀反应的药效候选基因研究，用较少的数量研究药代动力学候选基因和全基因组方法。通过对荟萃分析方法和基因-基因相互作用的研究，对ADHD药物基因组学领域的研究成果也进行了概述。尽管有最近的进展，但没有任何一种遗传变异或当前可用的药物基因组学测试证明可为特定患者确定最佳的ADHD药物的临床实用性，这凸显了进一步研究的必要性。