In the space of less than one decade, the search for Majorana quasiparticles in condensed matter has become one of the hottest topics in physics. The aim of this review is to provide a brief perspective of where we are with strong focus on artificial implementations of one-dimensional topological superconductivity. After a self-contained introduction and some technical parts, an overview of the current experimental status is given and some of the most successful experiments of the last few years are discussed in detail. These include the novel generation of ballistic InSb nanowire devices, epitaxial Al-InAs nanowires and Majorana boxes, high-frequency experiments with proximitized quantum spin Hall insulators realised in HgTe quantum wells and recent experiments on ferromagnetic atomic chains on top of superconducting surfaces.

中文翻译：

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凝聚态的马约拉纳准粒子

在不到十年的时间里，在凝聚态中寻找马约拉纳准粒子已成为物理学中最热门的话题之一。这篇综述的目的是提供一个简短的视角，说明我们非常关注一维拓扑超导的人工实现。在自成一体的介绍和一些技术性部分之后，给出了当前实验状态的概述，并详细讨论了过去几年中一些最成功的实验。这些措施包括新一代弹道InSb纳米线器件，外延Al-InAs纳米线和Majorana盒，在HgTe量子阱中实现的近似量子自旋霍尔绝缘体的高频实验以及最近在超导表面上进行的铁磁原子链实验。