ABSTRACT Architectural lighting provides optimum visibility for tasks but illuminations convey meanings as well. Though many studies analyze technical dimensions of lighting, research on the meaning is rare. Therefore, this article discusses semiotics as a methodology for lighting design within the design process and critically reflects the appearance of light and architecture. The semiotic discourse starts with terminology and presents models of architectural signs. The history of architectural semiotics serves as a background for the transfer to lighting and leads to an understanding of recent debates. The relevance of semiotics for lighting design is shown in three aspects: Firstly, the influence on the lighting design process; secondly, how physical characteristics of light intensity, distribution, and spectrum are interpreted as signs; and, thirdly, the evaluation of different lighting design tasks like daylight, lamp and luminaire design, interior and exterior lighting, as well as media façades. A critique of architectural and lighting semiotics reveals the methodological limitations of the linguistic concept. It can be concluded that semiotics provides a useful instrument to identify the meaning, which helps to improve the quality of lighting design. The semiotic matrix offers a differentiated view of relationships based on the aspects of sign, object, and interpretant with relation to light characteristics, illuminated buildings, and architectural lighting in general.

中文翻译：

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照明语言：符号学在照明设计评估中的应用

摘要 建筑照明为任务提供了最佳可见度，但照明也传达了意义。尽管许多研究分析了照明的技术维度，但对其含义的研究却很少。因此，本文将符号学作为设计过程中照明设计的一种方法论进行讨论，并批判性地反映了光和建筑的外观。符号学话语从术语开始，并展示了建筑符号的模型。建筑符号学的历史作为向照明转移的背景，并导致对最近辩论的理解。符号学对照明设计的相关性表现在三个方面：一是对照明设计过程的影响；其次，光强、分布和光谱的物理特性如何解释为符号；和，第三，评估不同的照明设计任务，如日光、灯具和灯具设计、室内外照明以及媒体立面。对建筑和照明符号学的批判揭示了语言概念的方法论局限性。可以得出结论，符号学提供了一种有用的工具来识别含义，有助于提高照明设计的质量。符号矩阵提供了基于符号、对象和解释与光特性、照明建筑物和一般建筑照明相关的不同方面的关系视图。对建筑和照明符号学的批判揭示了语言概念的方法论局限性。可以得出结论，符号学提供了一种有用的工具来识别含义，有助于提高照明设计的质量。符号矩阵提供了基于符号、对象和解释与光特性、照明建筑物和一般建筑照明相关的不同方面的关系视图。对建筑和照明符号学的批判揭示了语言概念的方法论局限性。可以得出结论，符号学提供了一种有用的工具来识别含义，有助于提高照明设计的质量。符号矩阵提供了基于符号、对象和解释与光特性、照明建筑物和一般建筑照明相关的不同方面的关系视图。