The composition as well as the very existence of the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole (BH) remains at the forefront of interesting, open problems in fundamental physics. To address this issue, we turn to Hawking's “principle of ignorance”, which says that, for an observer with limited information about a physical system, all descriptions that are consistent with known physics are equally valid. We compare three different observers who view the BH from the outside and agree on the external Schwarzschild geometry. First, the modernist, who accepts the classical BH as the final state of gravitational collapse, the singularity theorems that underlie this premise and the central singularity that the theorems predict. The modernist is willing to describe matter in terms of quantum fields in curved space but insists on (semi)classical gravity. Second is the skeptic, who wishes to evade any singular behavior by finding a loophole to the singularity theorems within the realm of classical general relativity (GR). The third is a postmodernist who similarly wants to circumvent the singularity theorems but is willing to invoke exotic quantum physics in the gravitational and/or matter sector to do so. The postmodern view suggests that the uncertainty principle can stabilize a classically singular BH in a similar manner to the stabilization of the classically unstable hydrogen atom: Strong quantum effects in the matter and gravitational sectors resolve the would‐be singularity over horizon‐sized length scales. The postmodern picture then requires a significant departure from (semi)classical gravity, as well as some exotic matter beyond the standard model of particle physics (SM). We find that only the postmodern framework is consistent with what is known so far about BH physics and conclude that a valid description of the BH interior needs matter beyond the SM and gravitational physics beyond (semi)classical GR.

中文翻译：

---

非奇异的黑洞内部需要超越标准模型的物理

Schwarzschild黑洞（BH）的组成以及内部的实际存在，仍然处于基础物理学中有趣且开放的问题的前沿。为了解决这个问题，我们转向霍金的“无知原理”，它说，对于一个关于物理系统的信息有限的观察者来说，所有与已知物理学一致的描述都是同样有效的。我们比较了三个从外部观察BH并同意外部Schwarzschild几何形状的观察者。首先，现代主义者接受经典的BH作为引力坍塌的最终状态，以此为前提的奇异性定理和该定理所预测的中心奇异性。现代主义者愿意用弯曲空间中的量子场来描述物质，但坚持（半）经典引力。第二个是怀疑论者，他希望通过在经典广义相对论（GR）领域中找到奇异性定理的漏洞来逃避任何奇异行为。第三个是后现代主义者，他同样想绕开奇异性定理，但又愿意在引力和/或物质领域引用奇异的量子物理学。后现代的观点表明，不确定性原理可以以类似于稳定经典氢原子的方式稳定经典奇异的BH：物质和引力扇区中的强大量子效应解决了水平尺度上可能存在的奇异现象。因此，后现代的图景需要与（半）经典重力以及与粒子物理学（SM）的标准模型不同的某些奇异物质产生重大偏离。