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A NECTAr-based upgrade for the Cherenkov cameras of the H.E.S.S. 12-meter telescopes
Astroparticle Physics ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.102425
T. Ashton , M. Backes , A. Balzer , D. Berge , J. Bolmont , S. Bonnefoy , F. Brun , T. Chaminade , E. Delagnes , G. Fontaine , M. Füßling , G. Giavitto , B. Giebels , J.-F. Glicenstein , T. Gräber , J.A. Hinton , A. Jahnke , S. Klepser , M. Kossatz , A. Kretzschmann , V. Lefranc , H. Leich , J.-P. Lenain , H. Lüdecke , I. Lypova , P. Manigot , V. Marandon , E. Moulin , T. Murach , M. de Naurois , P. Nayman , S. Ohm , M. Penno , D. Ross , D. Salek , M. Schade , T. Schwab , K. Shiningayamwe , C. Stegmann , C. Steppa , J.-P. Tavernet , J. Thornhill , F. Toussenel , P. Vincent

Abstract The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is one of the three arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) currently in operation. It is composed of four 12-meter telescopes and a 28-meter one, and is sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ~ 30 GeV – 100 TeV. The cameras of the 12-m telescopes recently underwent a substantial upgrade, with the goal of improving their performance and robustness. The upgrade involved replacing all camera components except for the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This meant developing new hardware for the trigger, readout, power, cooling and mechanical systems, and new software for camera control and data acquisition. Several novel technologies were employed in the cameras: the readout is built around the new NECTAr digitizer chip, developed for the next generation of IACTs; the camera electronics is fully controlled and read out via Ethernet using a combination of FPGA and embedded ARM computers; the software uses modern libraries such as Apache Thrift, OMQ and Protocol buffers. This work describes in detail the design and the performance of the upgraded cameras.

中文翻译:

基于 NECTAr 的 HESS 12 米望远镜 Cherenkov 相机的升级

摘要 高能立体系统(HESS)是目前运行的三种成像大气切伦科夫望远镜(IACT)阵列之一。它由四台 12 米望远镜和一台 28 米望远镜组成,对能量范围 ~ 30 GeV – 100 TeV 的伽马射线敏感。12 米望远镜的相机最近进行了重大升级,目的是提高其性能和鲁棒性。升级包括更换除光电倍增管 (PMT) 之外的所有相机组件。这意味着开发用于触发、读出、电源、冷却和机械系统的新硬件,以及用于相机控制和数据采集的新软件。相机采用了几项新技术:读数是围绕新的 NECTAr 数字化仪芯片构建的,该芯片是为下一代 IACT 开发的;使用 FPGA 和嵌入式 ARM 计算机的组合,通过以太网完全控制和读取相机电子设备;该软件使用现代库,例如 Apache Thrift、OMQ 和 Protocol buffers。这项工作详细描述了升级后的相机的设计和性能。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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