Dispersive shock waves are fascinating phenomena occurring when nonlinearity overwhelms linear effects, such as dispersion and diffraction. Many features of shock waves are still under investigation, as the interplay with noninstantaneity in temporal pulses transmission and nonlocality in spatial beams propagation. Despite the rich and vast literature on nonlinear waves in optical Kerr media, spatial dispersive shock waves in nonlocal materials deserve further attention for their unconventional properties. Indeed, they have been investigated in colloidal matter, chemical physics and biophotonics, for sensing and control of extreme phenomena. Here we review the last developed theoretical models and recent optical experiments on spatial dispersive shock waves in nonlocal media. Moreover, we discuss observations in novel versatile materials relevant for soft matter and biology.

当非线性压倒了线性效应（例如色散和衍射）时，色散冲击波就是令人着迷的现象。冲击波的许多特征仍在研究中，因为时间脉冲传输中的非瞬时性和空间束传播中的非局部性之间的相互作用。尽管关于光学Kerr介质中的非线性波的文献很多，但非局部材料中的空间色散冲击波因其非常规特性而值得进一步关注。实际上，已经在胶体，化学物理和生物光子学领域对它们进行了研究，以检测和控制极端现象。在这里，我们回顾了最近发展的理论模型和最近在非局部介质中对空间色散冲击波的光学实验。此外，